< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/karati
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From the same root as *korìti (“to reproach”), with a long root vowel that is (per Derksen) of Proto-Slavic origin.
Verb
*karati impf[1]
- to punish
- to scold
Inflection
Conjugation of *karati, *kara, *karajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *karanьje | *karati | *karatъ | *karalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *karanъ | *karajemъ |
| Active | *karavъ | *karaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *karaxъ | *kara | *kara | *karajǫ | *karaješi | *karajetь |
| Dual | *karaxově | *karasta | *karaste | *karajevě | *karajeta | *karajete |
| Plural | *karaxomъ | *karaste | *karašę | *karajemъ | *karajete | *karajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *karaaxъ | *karaaše | *karaaše | — | *karaji | *karaji |
| Dual | *karaaxově | *karaašeta | *karaašete | *karajivě | *karajita | — |
| Plural | *karaaxomъ | *karaašete | *karaaxǫ | *karajimъ | *karajite | — |
Related terms
- *kara (“punishment”)
- *korìti (“to reproach”)
- *korъ (“reproach?”)
Descendants
- Church Slavonic: карати (karati) (Serbian)
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: карати (karati) (14th century)
- Belarusian: кара́ць (karácʹ)
- Russian: кара́ть (karátʹ)
- Ukrainian: кара́ти (karáty)
- Old East Slavic: карати (karati) (14th century)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: ка́рам (káram)
- Macedonian: кара (kara)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ка́рати
- Latin: kárati
- Chakavian (Orbanići): kārȁt
- Slovene: kȃrati (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kárati
- Czech: kárat
- Kashubian: karac
- Polish: karać
- Slovak: kárať (literary)
- Slovincian: kãrăc
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: karaś
- Old Czech: kárati
Further reading
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “ка́ра”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 377
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*karati (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 152
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “кара́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*karati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 221: “v. ‘scold, punish’”