Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kara

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kara

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Related to *karati, *korìti.(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

*kara f[1]

1. punishment

Declension

Declension of *kara (hard a-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*kara	*karě	*kary
Accusative	*karǫ	*karě	*kary
Genitive	*kary	*karu	*karъ
Locative	*karě	*karu	*karasъ, *karaxъ*
Dative	*karě	*karama	*karamъ
Instrumental	*karojǫ, *karǫ**	*karama	*karami
Vocative	*karo	*karě	*kary

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: ка́ра (kára)
  • Russian: ка́ра (kára)
  • Ukrainian: ка́ра (kára)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: кара (kara)

    Glagolitic: ⰽⰰⱃⰰ (kara)

  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: ка̑р

    Unspecified:

  • Slovene: ка̑r
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: kára
  • Polish: kara
  • Slovak: kára

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ка́ра”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress

References

1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kara”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 220: “f. ā ‘punishment’”