< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kapati
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Either of onomatopaeic origin (from the sound made by dripping water cap!) or an enlonged grade of Proto-Slavic *kopati (“to dig, to ditch”), akin to Lithuanian kapóti (“to hack, to chop”), Latvian kapât (“to chop”), and Ancient Greek κόπτω (kóptō, “to strike, to shake”). Often compared to Proto-Indo-Iranian *kapʰas (“phlegm, mucus”), which however may be from non-Indo-European substratum.
Verb
*kàpati impf (perfective *kapnǫti)[1][2]
- to drip
Inflection
Conjugation of *kapati, *kapa, *kapľetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *kapanьje | *kapati | *kapatъ | *kapalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *kapanъ | *kapľemъ |
| Active | *kapavъ | *kapľę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kapaxъ | *kapa | *kapa | *kapľǫ | *kapľeši | *kapľetь |
| Dual | *kapaxově | *kapasta | *kapaste | *kapľevě | *kapľeta | *kapľete |
| Plural | *kapaxomъ | *kapaste | *kapašę | *kapľemъ | *kapľete | *kapľǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kapaaxъ | *kapaaše | *kapaaše | — | *kapľi | *kapľi |
| Dual | *kapaaxově | *kapaašeta | *kapaašete | *kapľivě | *kapľita | — |
| Plural | *kapaaxomъ | *kapaašete | *kapaaxǫ | *kapľimъ | *kapľite | — |
Related terms
- *kapъ (“culvert, drainage”)
- *kapъka (“droplet, drop”)
- *kapь (“drop”)
- *kapľa (“droplet”)
- *kapežь (“leakage”)
Derived terms
- *jьzkapati (“to drop out”)
- *zakapati (“to leak down, to rot”)
- *okapati (“to fall down”)
- *sъkapati (“to fall apart, to break down”)
- *prokapati (“to leak through”)
- *perkapati (“to drip a single droplet”)
- *prikapati (“to add a droplet”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: ка́паць (kápacʹ)
- Russian: ка́пать (kápatʹ)
- Ukrainian: ка́пати (kápaty)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: капати (kapati)
- Bulgarian: ка́пя (kápja)
- Macedonian: капе (kape)
- Serbo-Croatian: kȁpati
- Slovene: kápati (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: kapat
- Polish: kapać
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ка́пать”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kapati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 144
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1979), “капя, капвам, капна”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 227
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “kapati: kapljǫ kapljetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 13; MP 233)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “kápati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*ka̋pati”