Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jьkra

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Meaning of roe is inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ikrā́ˀ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Hyékʷr̥, from *Hyekʷ-. Cognates include Latvian ikri, Lithuanian ìkras.

Noun

*jьkrà f[1]

roe, spawn
calf (back of the leg)
lump, clod

Alternative forms

*jьkro

Declension

Declension of *jьkrà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*jьkrà	*jь̏krě	*jь̏kry
Accusative	*jь̏krǫ	*jь̏krě	*jь̏kry
Genitive	*jьkrý	*jьkrù	*jь̀krъ
Locative	*jь̏krě	*jьkrù	jьkràsъ, jьkràxъ^*
Dative	*jьkrě̀	*jьkràma	*jьkràmъ
Instrumental	*jьkrojǫ́	*jьkràma	*jьkràmi
Vocative	*jьkro	*jь̏krě	*jь̏kry

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Derived terms

*jьkriti (“spawn”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: икра (ikra, “roe, caviar; ice floe”)
  - Old Ruthenian: икра́ (ikrá)
    - Belarusian: ікра́ (ikrá, “caviar, roe”)
    - Rusyn: икра́ (ykrá, “caviar, roe”)
    - Ukrainian: ікра́ (ikrá, “caviar, roe; cow udder”)
      - ⇒ Ukrainian: ікри́ця f (ikrýcja, “caviar, roe”) (obsolete, dialectal)
      - ⇒ Ukrainian: гыкра́к m (hykrák, “fish with roe”) (West Polesian dialect)
      - ⇒ Ukrainian: кри́ц’а f (krýcʺa, “hard oily clay; cast iron”) (Boyko dialect)
  - Russian: икра́ (ikrá, “caviar, roe; fine ice floes; calf”); икро́ n (ikró) (dialectal)
    - ⇒ Russian: икри́на f (ikrína), кри́на f (krína, “ice floe”) (dialectal)
    - ⇒ Russian: икри́ца f (ikríca, “calf”), крица f (krica, “ice floe”) (dialectal)
- ⇒ Old East Slavic: кра f (kra, “ice floe, thin ice on the river”) (via contraction)
  - ⇒ Old Ruthenian: кри́га (kríha, “ice floe”)
    - Belarusian: кры́га (krýha)
      - → Polish: kryha
    - Rusyn: кри́га (krýha, “ice”)
    - Ukrainian: кри́га (krýha, “ice”)
      - → Slovak: kryha
    - → Russian: кри́га (kríga), кры́га (krýga) (dialectal)
  - Russian: кра f (kra, “ice floe”) (archaic)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic: икра (ikra)
  Glagolitic: ⰻⰽⱃⰰ (ikra)
  - Bulgarian: и́кра (íkra); и́кро n (íkro) (dialectal)
  - Church Slavonic: икра (ikra) (Russian)
- Macedonian: икра (ikra)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: и̏кра
  Latin: ȉkra
  ⇒ Cyrillic: и̏крица (“one egg (roe)”) (diminutive)
  ⇒ Latin: ȉkrica (“one egg (roe)”) (diminutive)
- Slovene: íkra (“roe; scales”)
  - ⇒ Slovene: íkrica (“spangle”) (diminutive)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kra (“lump, clod”)
  - Czech: jikra; ikra (“roe”), ikro n (“calf”), jikro n (dialectal); kra (“ice floe”)
- Kashubian: jikro; kro
- Polabian: jåkră
- Old Polish: ikro n
  - Polish: ikra f; ikro n, kro n; kra f (“ice floe”); ’ikrᵘ̯o (“roe; calf”) (dialectal)
    - ⇒ Polish: krzyca f (“rye variety”)
- Slovak: ikra; ikro (“calf”) (dialectal)
- Slovincian: i̯īkra f, jikro n, krʉ̀ɵ̯ n, kro n; kra f (“ice floe”)
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: jark m
  - Upper Sorbian: jikra f, jerk m

→ Hungarian: ikra
→ Romanian: icre
→ Japanese: イクラ

References

Derksen, Rick (2008), “*jьkrà; *jьkro”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 210: “f. ā; n. o (c) ‘roe, spawn, (anat.) calf ’”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*jьkrà; *jьkro”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 210: “f. ā; n. o (c) ‘roe, spawn, (anat.) calf ’”