< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jьgra
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ígrāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ig-réh₂, from *h₂eyg- (“to stir, set in motion”). Cognate with Ancient Greek αἰγίς (aigís).
Noun
*jьgrà f[1][2]
- play, game
Inflection
Declension of *jьgrà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *jьgrà | *jь̀grě | *jьgrỳ |
Accusative | *jьgrǫ̀ | *jь̀grě | *jьgrỳ |
Genitive | *jьgrỳ | *jьgrù | *jь̀grъ |
Locative | *jьgrě̀ | *jьgrù | *jьgràsъ, *jьgràxъ* |
Dative | *jьgrě̀ | *jьgràma | *jьgràmъ |
Instrumental | *jьgròjǫ, *jь̀grǫ** | *jьgràma | *jьgràmī |
Vocative | *jьgro | *jь̀grě | *jьgrỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Alternative forms
- *jьgrь
Derived terms
- *jьgrati (“to play”)
- *jьgračь (“player”)
- *jьgrišče
- *jьgrivъ
- *jьgrьcь (“jester, fool”)
- *jьgrica
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: игра (igra)
- Belarusian: ігра́ (ihrá)
- Russian: игра́ (igrá)
- Old Ukrainian: игра (ihra), ыгра (yhra)
- Ukrainian: гра (hra) (plural: і́гри (íhry)), ігра (ihra), игра (yhra) (old orthography)
- Old East Slavic: игра (igra)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: игрь (igrĭ)
- Bulgarian: игра́ (igrá)
- Macedonian: игра (igra)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ѝгра
- Latin: ìgra
- Slovene: ȋgra (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: jhra
- Czech: hra
- Kashubian: jigra
- Polabian: *jågră
- Old Polish: igra
- Polish: gra, igra
- Slovak: hra, ihra
- Slovincian: gra
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: jhra, hra
- Lower Sorbian: gra, igra
- Old Czech: jhra
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “игра”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*jьgra”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 208
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*jьgra; *jьgrь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 209: “f. ā; m. o (b) ‘play, game’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “jьgra jьgry”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b spil (PR 135)”