< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jarъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
Possibly cognate to Ancient Greek ζωρός (zōrós, “pure, sheer (of wine)”), suggesting Proto-Indo-European *yoHro-.
Adjective
*jȃrъ[1][2][3]
- furious
Declension
Indefinite declension of *jarъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *jarъ | *jara | *jaro |
| Accusative | *jarъ | *jarǫ | *jaro |
| Genitive | *jara | *jary | *jara |
| Locative | *jarě | *jarě | *jarě |
| Dative | *jaru | *jarě | *jaru |
| Instrumental | *jaromь | *jarojǫ | *jaromь |
| Vocative | *jare | *jaro | *jaro |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *jara | *jarě | *jarě |
| Accusative | *jara | *jarě | *jarě |
| Genitive | *jaru | *jaru | *jaru |
| Locative | *jaru | *jaru | *jaru |
| Dative | *jaroma | *jarama | *jaroma |
| Instrumental | *jaroma | *jarama | *jaroma |
| Vocative | *jara | *jarě | *jarě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *jari | *jary | *jara |
| Accusative | *jary | *jary | *jara |
| Genitive | *jarъ | *jarъ | *jarъ |
| Locative | *jarěxъ | *jaraxъ | *jarěxъ |
| Dative | *jaromъ | *jaramъ | *jaromъ |
| Instrumental | *jary | *jarami | *jary |
| Vocative | *jari | *jary | *jara |
Definite declension of *jarъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *jarъjь | *jaraja | *jaroje |
| Accusative | *jarъjь | *jarǫjǫ | *jaroje |
| Genitive | *jarajego | *jaryję | *jarajego |
| Locative | *jarějemь | *jarěji | *jarějemь |
| Dative | *jarujemu | *jarěji | *jarujemu |
| Instrumental | *jaryjimi | *jarǫjǫ | *jaryjimi |
| Vocative | *jarъjь | *jaraja | *jaroje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *jaraja | *jarěji | *jarěji |
| Accusative | *jaraja | *jarěji | *jarěji |
| Genitive | *jaruju | *jaruju | *jaruju |
| Locative | *jaruju | *jaruju | *jaruju |
| Dative | *jaryjima | *jaryjima | *jaryjima |
| Instrumental | *jaryjima | *jaryjima | *jaryjima |
| Vocative | *jaraja | *jarěji | *jarěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *jariji | *jaryję | *jaraja |
| Accusative | *jaryję | *jaryję | *jaraja |
| Genitive | *jarъjixъ | *jarъjixъ | *jarъjixъ |
| Locative | *jaryjixъ | *jaryjixъ | *jaryjixъ |
| Dative | *jaryjimъ | *jaryjimъ | *jaryjimъ |
| Instrumental | *jaryjimi | *jaryjimi | *jaryjimi |
| Vocative | *jariji | *jaryję | *jaraja |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ꙗрꙑи (jaryj)
- Old Ruthenian: ꙗ́рый (járyj)
- Belarusian: я́ры (járy)
- Ukrainian: я́рий (járyj)
- Russian: я́рый (járyj)
- Old Ruthenian: ꙗ́рый (járyj)
- Old East Slavic: ꙗрꙑи (jaryj)
- South Slavic:
- Church Slavonic: ꙗръ (jarŭ, “bitter”)
- Church Slavonic: ꙗрый (jaryj) (Russian recension)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ја̑р
- Latin: jȃr
- Slovene: jȃr, jára (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: jarý
- Czech: jarý
- Kashubian: jari
- Old Polish: jary
- Polish: jary
- Slovak: jarý
- Slovincian: jarḯ
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: jary (dated); jěry; jery (dialectal)
- Upper Sorbian: jěry
- Old Czech: jarý
Noun
*jȃrъ m
- anger
Declension
Declension of *jarъ (hard o-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *jarъ | *jara | *jari |
| Accusative | *jarъ | *jara | *jary |
| Genitive | *jara | *jaru | *jarъ |
| Locative | *jarě | *jaru | *jarěxъ |
| Dative | *jaru | *jaroma | *jaromъ |
| Instrumental | *jarъmь, *jaromь* | *jaroma | *jary |
| Vocative | *jare | *jara | *jari |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ꙗръ (jarŭ, “anger”)
- South Slavic:
- Church Slavonic: ꙗръ (jarŭ, “anger”) (Russian recension)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ја̑р (“anger; cruelty”)
- Latin: jȃr (“anger; cruelty”)
Derived terms
- *jariti (“to burn, heat”)
- *jarizna (“astringency”)
- *Jarobojь (given name)
- *Jarobudъ / *Jarobǫdъ (given name)
- *Jarogněvъ (given name)
- *Jaroměrъ / *Jaromirъ (given name)
- *Jaropъlkъ (given name)
- *Jaroslavъ (given name)
- *jarostь (“fury”)
- *jarota (“fury”)
- *jarovitъ (“furious”)
- *jarъkъ (“bright”) (possibly)
References
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “jarъjь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 178
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “jary II”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “jarъ jara jaro”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c ivrig, hidsig (SA 111; PR 138)”
Further reading
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ě̑rъ II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 152
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “я́рый”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Etymology 2
See *jaro.
Adjective
*jarъ[1][2]
- vernal
Declension
Indefinite declension of *jarъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *jarъ | *jara | *jaro |
| Accusative | *jarъ | *jarǫ | *jaro |
| Genitive | *jara | *jary | *jara |
| Locative | *jarě | *jarě | *jarě |
| Dative | *jaru | *jarě | *jaru |
| Instrumental | *jaromь | *jarojǫ | *jaromь |
| Vocative | *jare | *jaro | *jaro |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *jara | *jarě | *jarě |
| Accusative | *jara | *jarě | *jarě |
| Genitive | *jaru | *jaru | *jaru |
| Locative | *jaru | *jaru | *jaru |
| Dative | *jaroma | *jarama | *jaroma |
| Instrumental | *jaroma | *jarama | *jaroma |
| Vocative | *jara | *jarě | *jarě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *jari | *jary | *jara |
| Accusative | *jary | *jary | *jara |
| Genitive | *jarъ | *jarъ | *jarъ |
| Locative | *jarěxъ | *jaraxъ | *jarěxъ |
| Dative | *jaromъ | *jaramъ | *jaromъ |
| Instrumental | *jary | *jarami | *jary |
| Vocative | *jari | *jary | *jara |
Definite declension of *jarъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *jarъjь | *jaraja | *jaroje |
| Accusative | *jarъjь | *jarǫjǫ | *jaroje |
| Genitive | *jarajego | *jaryję | *jarajego |
| Locative | *jarějemь | *jarěji | *jarějemь |
| Dative | *jarujemu | *jarěji | *jarujemu |
| Instrumental | *jaryjimi | *jarǫjǫ | *jaryjimi |
| Vocative | *jarъjь | *jaraja | *jaroje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *jaraja | *jarěji | *jarěji |
| Accusative | *jaraja | *jarěji | *jarěji |
| Genitive | *jaruju | *jaruju | *jaruju |
| Locative | *jaruju | *jaruju | *jaruju |
| Dative | *jaryjima | *jaryjima | *jaryjima |
| Instrumental | *jaryjima | *jaryjima | *jaryjima |
| Vocative | *jaraja | *jarěji | *jarěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *jariji | *jaryję | *jaraja |
| Accusative | *jaryję | *jaryję | *jaraja |
| Genitive | *jarъjixъ | *jarъjixъ | *jarъjixъ |
| Locative | *jaryjixъ | *jaryjixъ | *jaryjixъ |
| Dative | *jaryjimъ | *jaryjimъ | *jaryjimъ |
| Instrumental | *jaryjimi | *jaryjimi | *jaryjimi |
| Vocative | *jariji | *jaryję | *jaraja |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ꙗрꙑи (jaryj)
- Old Ruthenian: ꙗ́рый (járyj)
- Ukrainian: я́рий (járyj)
- Russian: я́рый (járyj)
- Old Ruthenian: ꙗ́рый (járyj)
- Old East Slavic: ꙗрꙑи (jaryj)
- South Slavic:
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ја̑рӣ
- Latin: jȃrī
- Slovene: jȃr, jára
- Serbo-Croatian:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: jarý
- Czech: jarý (dialectal)
- Kashubian: jari
- Old Polish: jary
- Polish: jary
- Old Czech: jarý
Noun
*jarъ m[1][2]
- Alternative form of *jaro (“spring”)
Declension
Declension of *jarъ (hard o-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *jarъ | *jara | *jari |
| Accusative | *jarъ | *jara | *jary |
| Genitive | *jara | *jaru | *jarъ |
| Locative | *jarě | *jaru | *jarěxъ |
| Dative | *jaru | *jaroma | *jaromъ |
| Instrumental | *jarъmь, *jaromь* | *jaroma | *jary |
| Vocative | *jare | *jara | *jari |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old Ruthenian: ꙗръ (jar)
- Ukrainian: йар (jar)
- Russian: яр (jar) (dialectal)
- Old Ruthenian: ꙗръ (jar)
- South Slavic:
- ⇒ Bulgarian: ꙗр-кокошка (jar-kokoška)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ја̑р
- Latin: jȃr
- West Slavic:
- Polish: jar (dialectal)
- Silesian: jŏr
- Slovak: jar
Derived terms
- *jarěpeniti / *jarěpьniti?
- *jarěpętiti?
References
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*jaro / *jara / *jarъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 175
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “jary I”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “яра”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ěro; *ěra; *ěrъ I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 151