< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jalovъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Uncertain. Possibly continuing Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁- (“to last, to protract”) with the extension *-lós. Potential cognates include Latvian jêls, Lithuanian jė̃las, and indirectly Proto-Germanic *īdalaz.
Adjective
*jalovъ
- idle (for process)
- infertile, barren (for animal)
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *jalovъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *jalovъ | *jalova | *jalovo |
| Accusative | *jalovъ | *jalovǫ | *jalovo |
| Genitive | *jalova | *jalovy | *jalova |
| Locative | *jalově | *jalově | *jalově |
| Dative | *jalovu | *jalově | *jalovu |
| Instrumental | *jalovomь | *jalovojǫ | *jalovomь |
| Vocative | *jalove | *jalovo | *jalovo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *jalova | *jalově | *jalově |
| Accusative | *jalova | *jalově | *jalově |
| Genitive | *jalovu | *jalovu | *jalovu |
| Locative | *jalovu | *jalovu | *jalovu |
| Dative | *jalovoma | *jalovama | *jalovoma |
| Instrumental | *jalovoma | *jalovama | *jalovoma |
| Vocative | *jalova | *jalově | *jalově |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *jalovi | *jalovy | *jalova |
| Accusative | *jalovy | *jalovy | *jalova |
| Genitive | *jalovъ | *jalovъ | *jalovъ |
| Locative | *jalověxъ | *jalovaxъ | *jalověxъ |
| Dative | *jalovomъ | *jalovamъ | *jalovomъ |
| Instrumental | *jalovy | *jalovami | *jalovy |
| Vocative | *jalovi | *jalovy | *jalova |
Definite declension of *jalovъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *jalovъjь | *jalovaja | *jalovoje |
| Accusative | *jalovъjь | *jalovǫjǫ | *jalovoje |
| Genitive | *jalovajego | *jalovyję | *jalovajego |
| Locative | *jalovějemь | *jalověji | *jalovějemь |
| Dative | *jalovujemu | *jalověji | *jalovujemu |
| Instrumental | *jalovyjimi | *jalovǫjǫ | *jalovyjimi |
| Vocative | *jalovъjь | *jalovaja | *jalovoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *jalovaja | *jalověji | *jalověji |
| Accusative | *jalovaja | *jalověji | *jalověji |
| Genitive | *jalovuju | *jalovuju | *jalovuju |
| Locative | *jalovuju | *jalovuju | *jalovuju |
| Dative | *jalovyjima | *jalovyjima | *jalovyjima |
| Instrumental | *jalovyjima | *jalovyjima | *jalovyjima |
| Vocative | *jalovaja | *jalověji | *jalověji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *jaloviji | *jalovyję | *jalovaja |
| Accusative | *jalovyję | *jalovyję | *jalovaja |
| Genitive | *jalovъjixъ | *jalovъjixъ | *jalovъjixъ |
| Locative | *jalovyjixъ | *jalovyjixъ | *jalovyjixъ |
| Dative | *jalovyjimъ | *jalovyjimъ | *jalovyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *jalovyjimi | *jalovyjimi | *jalovyjimi |
| Vocative | *jaloviji | *jalovyję | *jalovaja |
Alternative reconstructions
- *alovъ
Derived terms
- *jalověti (“to idle”)
- *jaloviti (“to weaken, to castrate (for animals)”)
- *jalovostь (“idleness”)
- *jaloviznь (“eyas (one who has not reached sexual maturity)”)
- *jalovьcь (“sterile man”)
- *jalovica (“sterile woman”)
- *jalovъka (“infertile creature”)
- *jalovina (“infertile animal”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ꙗловꙑи (jalovyj)
- Belarusian: я́лавая (jálavaja)
- Russian: я́ловый (jálovyj)
- Ukrainian: я́ловий (jálovyj)
- Old East Slavic: ꙗловꙑи (jalovyj)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: алова (alova)
- Unspecified:
- Bulgarian: ялов (jalov)
- Macedonian: јалов (jalov)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ја̏лов
- Latin: jȁlov
- Slovene: jálov
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: jalový
- Czech: jalový
- Polabian: jolüvă
- Polish: jałowy
- Slovak: jalový
- Slovincian: jalʉ̀ɵ̯vï
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: jałowy
- Upper Sorbian: jałowy
- Old Czech: jalový
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*alovъjь, *alovaja/*jalovъjь, *jalovaja”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 67
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “я́ловый”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress