Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-išče

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

(West Slavic, partially Belarusian and Ukrainian): *-isko.
(with -ov- formant, taken from u-stems, and influenced by verbs on -ovati and adjectives on -ovъ): *-ovišče.

Etymology

From earlier *isk-je. Originally it was probably used exclusively denominally for forming augmentatives, and later a semantic shift to place names occurred. E.g. *bolto (“mud”) → *boltišče (“large mud, a lot of mud”) > "there where is muddy". Deverbal formations from verbs on *-iti are a late innovation.

Suffix

*-išče n

Denominal, denoting places or spaces.
*gnojь (“manure, pus, dung”) → *gnojišče (“midden, cesspool, manure pile”)
*ogňь (“fire”) → *ogňišče (“fireplace”)
*sǫdъ (“judgement, trial”) → *sǫdišče (“court”)
*lovъ (“hunting, hunt”) → *lovišče (“hunting area/ground”)
Denominal, forming augmentatives, denoting increase or growth of quality.
*dvorъ (“court, courtyard”) → *dvorišče (“yard”)
*tъrgъ (“commodity, wares; market”) → *tъržišče (“market, fairground”)
Denominal, forming emotionally colored nouns, mostly augmentatives (usually with pejorative connotation), rarely diminutives.
*baba (“old woman”) → *babišče (“hag”)
*čudo (“wonder”) → *čudovišče (“monster”)
Denominal, forming nouns denoting a handle of a tool.
*kosa (“scythe”) → *kosišče (“scythe handle”)
*toporъ (“axe, hatchet”) → *toporišče (“axe handle”)

Declension

Declension of *-išče (soft o-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*-išče	*-išči	*-išča
Accusative	*-išče	*-išči	*-išča
Genitive	*-išča	*-išču	*-iščь
Locative	*-išči	*-išču	*-iščixъ
Dative	*-išču	*-iščema	*-iščemъ
Instrumental	-iščьmь, -iščemь^*	*-iščema	*-išči
Vocative	*-išče	*-išči	*-išča

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-išče

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: -ище (-išče)
  - Belarusian: -ішча (-išča), -ышча (-yšča)
  - Russian: -ище (-išče)
  - Rusyn: -іще (-išče)
  - Ukrainian: -ище (-yšče)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic: -ище (-ište)
  Glagolitic: -ⰹⱋⰵ (-ište)
  - → Romanian: -iște
  - → Albanian: -ishte
- Bulgarian: -ище (-ište)
- Macedonian: -иште (-ište)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: -иште
  Latin: -ište, -išče, -išće
- Slovene: -išče
West Slavic:
- Czech: -iště
- Kashubian: -iszcze, -ëszcze
- Polabian: -istě
- Polish: -yszcze, -iszcze
- Slovak: -ište, -iščo (dialectal)
- Slovincian: -ěščɵ, -i̯ščɵ
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: -išćo
  - Upper Sorbian: -išćo

References

Šekli, Matej (2012), “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎ (in Slovene), volume 10, issue 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26)‎, Helsinki: University of Helsinki, page 77f
Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “*-išče”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: National Ossoliński Institute, page 95