< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-inъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Adjective-forming suffix. From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos. E.g.
- *svinъ (“of or pertaining to pigs”) from Proto-Balto-Slavic *swīˀnas from Proto-Indo-European *suH-iHnos (cognate formation with Latvian svīns (“dirty”), Latin suīnus (“swine”), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 (swein, “pig”)).
Later it was productively applied to inherited i-stems:
- *zvěrь (“beast”) → *zvěrinъ (“beastly, animal”)
- *gostь (“guest”) → *gostinъ (“guest's, guest-”)
The singulative meaning derives from original possessive meaning, for example the meaning of *čeľadinъ “member of the tribe or household” is derived from “belonging to the tribe or household”.
Cognate with Lithuanian collective-forming suffix -ýnas, Latin -īnus. Compare also *-ina for forming both collectives and singulatives (from Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh₂ and *-eyneh₂).
Adjective
*-inъ
- -ine (of or pertaining to) Creates relative and possessive adjectives from nouns other than o-stems.
Usage notes
This suffix is attached to most noun types, in particular a-stems (feminines). The suffix *-ovъ (and its variant *-evъ) is used with o-stem nouns (masculines and neuters).
Declension
Indefinite declension of *-inъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *-inъ | *-ina | *-ino |
| Accusative | *-inъ | *-inǫ | *-ino |
| Genitive | *-ina | *-iny | *-ina |
| Locative | *-ině | *-ině | *-ině |
| Dative | *-inu | *-ině | *-inu |
| Instrumental | *-inomь | *-inojǫ | *-inomь |
| Vocative | *-ine | *-ino | *-ino |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *-ina | *-ině | *-ině |
| Accusative | *-ina | *-ině | *-ině |
| Genitive | *-inu | *-inu | *-inu |
| Locative | *-inu | *-inu | *-inu |
| Dative | *-inoma | *-inama | *-inoma |
| Instrumental | *-inoma | *-inama | *-inoma |
| Vocative | *-ina | *-ině | *-ině |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *-ini | *-iny | *-ina |
| Accusative | *-iny | *-iny | *-ina |
| Genitive | *-inъ | *-inъ | *-inъ |
| Locative | *-iněxъ | *-inaxъ | *-iněxъ |
| Dative | *-inomъ | *-inamъ | *-inomъ |
| Instrumental | *-iny | *-inami | *-iny |
| Vocative | *-ini | *-iny | *-ina |
Definite declension of *-inъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *-inъjь | *-inaja | *-inoje |
| Accusative | *-inъjь | *-inǫjǫ | *-inoje |
| Genitive | *-inajego | *-inyję | *-inajego |
| Locative | *-inějemь | *-iněji | *-inějemь |
| Dative | *-inujemu | *-iněji | *-inujemu |
| Instrumental | *-inyjimi | *-inǫjǫ | *-inyjimi |
| Vocative | *-inъjь | *-inaja | *-inoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *-inaja | *-iněji | *-iněji |
| Accusative | *-inaja | *-iněji | *-iněji |
| Genitive | *-inuju | *-inuju | *-inuju |
| Locative | *-inuju | *-inuju | *-inuju |
| Dative | *-inyjima | *-inyjima | *-inyjima |
| Instrumental | *-inyjima | *-inyjima | *-inyjima |
| Vocative | *-inaja | *-iněji | *-iněji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *-iniji | *-inyję | *-inaja |
| Accusative | *-inyję | *-inyję | *-inaja |
| Genitive | *-inъjixъ | *-inъjixъ | *-inъjixъ |
| Locative | *-inyjixъ | *-inyjixъ | *-inyjixъ |
| Dative | *-inyjimъ | *-inyjimъ | *-inyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *-inyjimi | *-inyjimi | *-inyjimi |
| Vocative | *-iniji | *-inyję | *-inaja |
Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-inъ
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: -инъ (-inŭ)
- Belarusian: -ін (-in)
- Russian: -ин (-in)
- Rusyn: -ин (-yn)
- Ukrainian: -ин (-yn)
- Old East Slavic: -инъ (-inŭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: -инъ (-inŭ)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: -ин
- Latin: -in
- Bulgarian: -ин (-in)
- West Slavic:
- Old Polish: -in
- Polish: -in, -iny
- Old Polish: -in
Noun
*-inъ m
- Creates singulatives, mostly with consonantal-stem pluralia tantum or collective nouns denoting nationalities, names of residents of an area, names of tribes and place names.
- *bratъ (“brother”) → *bratьja (“brothers (collectively)”) → *bratinъ (“brother”)
- *čeľadь (“family, ancestral community, everyone in household”) → *čeľadinъ (“one belonging to the family, tribe or household”)
- *gospoda (“lords (collectively)”) → *gospodinъ (“master, lord”)
- *ľudь, *ľudьje (“people, folks (collectively)”) → *ľudinъ (“man”)
- *Obre (“Avars”) → *obrinъ (“Avar; giant”)
- *voji (“army”) → *vojinъ (“soldier, warrior”)
- *Rusь (“Rus'”) → *Rusinъ
- Exceptionally occurs in several unmotivated formations, usually to create an instrument or agent noun
- *melti (“to grind”) → *mьlinъ (“(type of) pancake”) (if not *mъlinъ from molinus)
- *kolti (“to hit with something sharp; to split”) → *kъlinъ (“wedge, splitting tool”)
Declension
Declension of *-inъ (hard o-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *-inъ | *-ina | *-ini |
| Accusative | *-inъ | *-ina | *-iny |
| Genitive | *-ina | *-inu | *-inъ |
| Locative | *-ině | *-inu | *-iněxъ |
| Dative | *-inu | *-inoma | *-inomъ |
| Instrumental | *-inъmь, *-inomь* | *-inoma | *-iny |
| Vocative | *-ine | *-ina | *-ini |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
- *-ěninъ
- *-janinъ
References
- Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “*-inъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: National Ossoliński Institute, page 120