Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ina

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

*-izna

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnā, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh₂. Cognate with Lithuanian -ynė, -iena (< *-einā < *-eyneh₂). Compare Proto-Slavic *-inъ.

Suffix

*-ina f

Denominal, forming collectives related to vital importance.
*drugъ (“friend”) → *družina (“team, company”)
*rodъ (“kin, tribe”) → *rodina (“people or land belonging to the family”)
Denominal, forming collectives denoting names of trees, woods and bushes.
*dervo (“wood”) → *dervina (“sticks, trees”)
*dǫbъ (“oak”) → *dǫbina (“oak forest”)
(by extension) Denominal, forming collective nouns that act as singulatives.
*berza (“birch”) → *berzovina (“birch forest; birch”)
*zvěrь (“animal”) → *zvěrina (“animals, game; animal”)
Deadjectival, denoting a property or a result.
*bělъ (“white”) → *bělina (“whiteness”)
*blizъ (“close”) → *blizina (“closeness”), *bližina (“closeness”)
*jьstъ (“true”) → *jьstina (“truth”)
*novъ (“new”) → *novina (“novelty”)
*bystrъ (“rapid, fast”) → *bystrina (“cleverness, quickness in thought”)
*tixъ (“silent”) → *tišina (“silence”)
*glǫbokъ (“deep”) → *glǫbina (“depth”)
*čistъ (“clear, pure”) → *čistina (“purity”)
Denominal, miscellaneous uses.
*dolъ (“valley, depression”) → *dolina (“valley”)
*govędo (“ox”) → *govędina (“ox meat”)
*agnę (“lamb”) → *agnętina (“lamb meat”)
*bolto (“mud”) → *boltina, *boltovina (“swamp, marsh”)
Denominal, for expressive formations, usually of augmentative and pejorative connotation.
*golva (“head”) → *golvina
*lupa (“shell, husk”) → *lupina
*konьcь (“end”) → *konьčina
*godъ → *godina (“the right time”)
Denominal or deverbal, forming agentive and action nouns.
*gostь, *gostiti → *gostina (“hospitality”)
*brat(r)ъ, *brat(r)iti sę → *bratina, *bratrina (“fraternity”)

Declension

Declension of *-ina (hard a-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*-ina	*-ině	*-iny
Accusative	*-inǫ	*-ině	*-iny
Genitive	*-iny	*-inu	*-inъ
Locative	*-ině	*-inu	-inasъ, -inaxъ^*
Dative	*-ině	*-inama	*-inamъ
Instrumental	-inojǫ, -inǫ^**	*-inama	*-inami
Vocative	*-ino	*-ině	*-iny

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ina

Category Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-izna not found

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: -ина (-ina)
  - Belarusian: -іна (-ina)
  - Russian: -ина (-ina)
  - Ukrainian: -ина (-yna), -їна (-jina)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic: -ина (-ina)
  Glagolitic: -ⰹⱀⰰ (-ina)
- Bulgarian: -ина (-ina)
- Macedonian: -ина (-ina)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: -ина
  Latin: -ina
- Slovene: -ina
West Slavic:
- Czech: -ina
- Old Polish: -ina
  - Polish: -ina
- Slovak: -ina
- Slovincian: -ina
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: -ina
  - Lower Sorbian: -ina

References

Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “*-ina”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: National Ossoliński Institute, page 120
Šekli, Matej (2012), “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎ (in Slovene), volume 10, issue 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32