Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gňida

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gnī́ˀdāˀ; cognate with Lithuanian gnída, Latvian gnĩda.

Noun

*gňìda f[1][2][3][4]

nit (louse egg)

Declension

Declension of *gňìda (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*gňìda	*gňìdě	*gňìdy
Accusative	*gňìdǫ	*gňìdě	*gňìdy
Genitive	*gňìdy	*gňìdu	*gňìdъ
Locative	*gňìdě	*gňìdu	gňìdasъ, gňìdaxъ^*
Dative	*gňìdě	*gňìdama	*gňìdamъ
Instrumental	gňìdojǫ, gňìdǭ^**	*gňìdama	*gňìdamī
Vocative	*gňìdo	*gňìdě	*gňìdy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: гні́да (hnída)
- Russian: гни́да (gnída)
- Ukrainian: гни́да (hnýda)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: гни́да (gnída)
- Macedonian: гнида (gnida)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: гњи̏да
  Latin: gnjȉda
- Slovene: gnída (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: hnida
  - Czech: hnida
    - Bohemian (Chod dialect): hnída
    - Moravian (Mistřice): hňida
- Polabian: gnaidă
- Polish: gnida
- Slovak: hnida
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: hnida
  - Lower Sorbian: gnida

References

Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gņìda”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 169: “f. ā (a) ‘nit’”
Olander, Thomas (2001), “gnida gnidy”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 22; RPT 111)”
Dybo, Vladimir A.; Zamyatina, Galina I.; Nikolaev, Sergei L. (1990) Основы славянской акцентологии [Fundamentals of Slavic Accentology]‎ (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 42
Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “гни́да”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 256

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gņìda”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 169: “f. ā (a) ‘nit’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001), “gnida gnidy”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 22; RPT 111)”

[3] Dybo, Vladimir A.; Zamyatina, Galina I.; Nikolaev, Sergei L. (1990) Основы славянской акцентологии [Fundamentals of Slavic Accentology]‎ (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 42

[4] Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “гни́да”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 256