Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gvozdъ

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gvozdъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gwesd- (“dense, compact”), apparently via o-stem Proto-Balto-Slavic *gwázdas. Akin to Proto-Germanic *kwastuz (“tuft; tassel”) (u-stem), Albanian gjeth (“foilage”) (i-stem), possibly Old Armenian կոշտ (košt, “stump, clod”) (i-stem).

Noun

*gvо̀zdъ m[1][2]

1. dense woodland, holt, thicket

   Synonyms: *gǫstakъ, *čęšča

Declension

Declension of *gvòzdъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*gvòzdъ	*gvozdà	*gvozdì
Accusative	*gvòzdъ	*gvozdà	*gvozdỳ
Genitive	*gvozdà	*gvozdù	*gvòzdъ
Locative	*gvozdě̀	*gvozdù	*gvòzděxъ
Dative	*gvozdù	*gvozdòma	*gvozdòmъ
Instrumental	*gvozdъ̀mь, *gvozdòmь*	*gvozdòma	*gvòzdy
Vocative	*gvozde	*gvozdà	*gvozdì

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

• *gvozditi (“to stiffen”)
  • *gvozdьnъ, *gvozděnъ (“stiff, iron”)
• *gvozdь, *gvozdьjь (“peg, nail”)

Descendants

• South Slavic:
  • Serbo-Croatian: (Kajkavian, archaic)

    Cyrillic: гво̏зд

    Latin: gvȍzd

  • Slovene: gọ̏zd, gọ̑zd (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: hvozd
  • Old Polish: gozd

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gvozdъ/*gvozdь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 185

References

1. Olander, Thomas (2001), “gvozdъ gvozda”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b forest, thicket (NA 119f.; SA 156)”
2. Snoj, Marko (2016), “gozd”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. [...] *gvozdъ̏”