< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grěšьnъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From *grěxъ + *-ьnъ.
Adjective
*grěšьnъ[1][2]
- wrong, erroneous
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *grěšьnъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *grěšьnъ | *grěšьna | *grěšьno |
| Accusative | *grěšьnъ | *grěšьnǫ | *grěšьno |
| Genitive | *grěšьna | *grěšьny | *grěšьna |
| Locative | *grěšьně | *grěšьně | *grěšьně |
| Dative | *grěšьnu | *grěšьně | *grěšьnu |
| Instrumental | *grěšьnomь | *grěšьnojǫ | *grěšьnomь |
| Vocative | *grěšьne | *grěšьno | *grěšьno |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *grěšьna | *grěšьně | *grěšьně |
| Accusative | *grěšьna | *grěšьně | *grěšьně |
| Genitive | *grěšьnu | *grěšьnu | *grěšьnu |
| Locative | *grěšьnu | *grěšьnu | *grěšьnu |
| Dative | *grěšьnoma | *grěšьnama | *grěšьnoma |
| Instrumental | *grěšьnoma | *grěšьnama | *grěšьnoma |
| Vocative | *grěšьna | *grěšьně | *grěšьně |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *grěšьni | *grěšьny | *grěšьna |
| Accusative | *grěšьny | *grěšьny | *grěšьna |
| Genitive | *grěšьnъ | *grěšьnъ | *grěšьnъ |
| Locative | *grěšьněxъ | *grěšьnaxъ | *grěšьněxъ |
| Dative | *grěšьnomъ | *grěšьnamъ | *grěšьnomъ |
| Instrumental | *grěšьny | *grěšьnami | *grěšьny |
| Vocative | *grěšьni | *grěšьny | *grěšьna |
Definite declension of *grěšьnъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *grěšьnъjь | *grěšьnaja | *grěšьnoje |
| Accusative | *grěšьnъjь | *grěšьnǫjǫ | *grěšьnoje |
| Genitive | *grěšьnajego | *grěšьnyję | *grěšьnajego |
| Locative | *grěšьnějemь | *grěšьněji | *grěšьnějemь |
| Dative | *grěšьnujemu | *grěšьněji | *grěšьnujemu |
| Instrumental | *grěšьnyjimi | *grěšьnǫjǫ | *grěšьnyjimi |
| Vocative | *grěšьnъjь | *grěšьnaja | *grěšьnoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *grěšьnaja | *grěšьněji | *grěšьněji |
| Accusative | *grěšьnaja | *grěšьněji | *grěšьněji |
| Genitive | *grěšьnuju | *grěšьnuju | *grěšьnuju |
| Locative | *grěšьnuju | *grěšьnuju | *grěšьnuju |
| Dative | *grěšьnyjima | *grěšьnyjima | *grěšьnyjima |
| Instrumental | *grěšьnyjima | *grěšьnyjima | *grěšьnyjima |
| Vocative | *grěšьnaja | *grěšьněji | *grěšьněji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *grěšьniji | *grěšьnyję | *grěšьnaja |
| Accusative | *grěšьnyję | *grěšьnyję | *grěšьnaja |
| Genitive | *grěšьnъjixъ | *grěšьnъjixъ | *grěšьnъjixъ |
| Locative | *grěšьnyjixъ | *grěšьnyjixъ | *grěšьnyjixъ |
| Dative | *grěšьnyjimъ | *grěšьnyjimъ | *grěšьnyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *grěšьnyjimi | *grěšьnyjimi | *grěšьnyjimi |
| Vocative | *grěšьniji | *grěšьnyję | *grěšьnaja |
Related terms
nouns
- *grěxota f (“error”)
verbs
- *grěšiti impf (“to err, make mistakes”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: грѣшьнꙑи (grěšĭnyj)
- Old Ruthenian: грѣ́шный (hrě́šnyj), гре́шный (hréšnyj)
- Belarusian: грэ́шны (hréšny)
- Ukrainian: грі́шний (hríšnyj)
- Russian: гре́шный (gréšnyj)
- Old Ruthenian: грѣ́шный (hrě́šnyj), гре́шный (hréšnyj)
- Old East Slavic: грѣшьнꙑи (grěšĭnyj)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: грѣшьнъ (grěšĭnŭ)
- Bulgarian: гре́шен (gréšen)
- Macedonian: грешен (grešen)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: гре̏шан, грије̏шан
- Latin: grešan, griješan
- Slovene: gréšen (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: hřiešný
- Czech: hříšný
- Polish: grzeszny
- Slovak: hriešny
- Slovincian: gřė̀i̯šnï
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: grěšny
- Upper Sorbian: hrěšny
- Old Czech: hřiešný
References
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*grěšьnъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 119
- Sławski, Franciszek, editor (2001), “grěšьnъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 8 (goda – gyža), Wrocław: National Ossoliński Institute, →ISBN, page 210