< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gręzti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative forms
- *grę̑znǫti
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grimz-. Cognate with Lithuanian grim̃zti (“to sink”) (3sg. grim̃zta, 3sg. past grim̃zdo), Latvian grim̃t (“to sink”), grèmdêt (“to immerse”).
- Per Derksen, further connections uncertain.
- Per Vasmer, cognate with Gothic 𐌵𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌹𐌸𐌰 (qrammiþa, “humidity”), Latin grāmiae (“pus in the eye”, pl.), and possibly with Albanian kreth (“to dive into the water”) (passive kredhem, aorist ukrodha).
Verb
*gręzti impf
- to sink
- Synonyms: *gręznǫti, *gręziti
Inflection
Conjugation of *gręzti, *gręze, *gręzetь (impf., intr., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *gręzenьje | *gręzti | *gręztъ | *gręzlъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | — | — |
| Active | *gręzъ | *gręzy |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *gręz(ox)ъ | *gręze | *gręze | *gręzǫ | *gręzeši | *gręzetь |
| Dual | *gręz(ox)ově | *gręz(e/os)ta | *gręz(e/os)te | *gręzevě | *gręzeta | *gręzete |
| Plural | *gręz(ox)omъ | *gręz(e/os)te | *gręzǫ, *gręzošę | *gręzemъ | *gręzete | *gręzǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *gręzěaxъ | *gręzěaše | *gręzěaše | — | *gręzi | *gręzi |
| Dual | *gręzěaxově | *gręzěašeta | *gręzěašete | *gręzěvě | *gręzěta | — |
| Plural | *gręzěaxomъ | *gręzěašete | *gręzěaxǫ | *gręzěmъ | *gręzěte | — |
Conjugation of *gręznǫti, *gręze, *gręznetь (impf., intr., -C/n-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *gręzenьje | *gręznǫti | *gręznǫtъ | *gręzlъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | — | — |
| Active | *gręzъ | *gręzny |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *gręz(ox)ъ | *gręze | *gręze | *gręznǫ | *gręzneši | *gręznetь |
| Dual | *gręz(ox)ově | *gręz(e/os)ta | *gręz(e/os)te | *gręznevě | *gręzneta | *gręznete |
| Plural | *gręz(ox)omъ | *gręz(e/os)te | *gręzǫ, *gręzošę | *gręznemъ | *gręznete | *gręznǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *gręzněaxъ | *gręzněaše | *gręzněaše | — | *gręzni | *gręzni |
| Dual | *gręzněaxově | *gręzněašeta | *gręzněašete | *gręzněvě | *gręzněta | — |
| Plural | *gręzněaxomъ | *gręzněašete | *gręzněaxǫ | *gręzněmъ | *gręzněte | — |
Derived terms
- Adjectives:
- *gręzъkъ
- *gręzьnъ
- *grǫzьnъ
- Verbs:
- *gręzati (“to sink”)
- *gręziti (“to sink”)
- *grǫziti (“to sink”)
- *grǫznǫti
- Nouns:
- *gręza (“mud, dirt, mire”)
- *grę̑zь (“mud, dirt”)
- *grǫzь
- *grǫzъ
- *grǫzidlo
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: *грꙗзти (*grjazti, “to sink, to wallow”), грꙗзуща (grjazušča) (11th century?)
- West Slavic:
- Polish: *grząźć, ugrząźć
- Kashubian: gřëzc
References
- Wiesław Boryś; Hanna Popowska-Taborska (1997), “gřëzc”, in Słownik etymologiczny kaszubszczyzny: D-J (in Polish), volume 2, Slawistyczny Ośrodek Wydaawniczy, page 227
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “грязь”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 224
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gręzti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 188
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gręzti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 124
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “гря́знуть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Barkhudarov, S. G., editor (1977), “грязти”, in Словарь русского языка XI–XVII вв. [Dictionary of the Russian Language: 11–17th cent.] (in Russian), issue 4 (г – дяфинъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 150
- Bogatova, G. A., editor (1989), “погрязти”, in Словарь русского языка XI–XVII вв. [Dictionary of the Russian Language: 11–17th cent.] (in Russian), issue 15 (перстъ – подмышка), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 208
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1902), “нагрѧзти”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 2: Л – П, Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 275
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1902), “погрѧзти”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 2: Л – П, Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 1024
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912), “угрѧзнути”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 3: Р – Ꙗ и дополненія, Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 1140