< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gręsti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
- Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *grid-, *grind-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰri-n-dʰ-, from the root *gʰreydʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian grìdyti (“to go, to wander”) (1sg. grìdyju), Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐌳 (grid, “step”, acc. sg.), Middle High German grit (“step”), Old Irish in·greinn, do·greinn (“to persecute”).
- Per Vasmer, cognate as above, and also with Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬎𐬎𐬌𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬨𐬀𐬵𐬌 (aiuuigərəδmahi, “we begin”), Sanskrit गृध्यति (gṛdhyati, “to be fast approaching something (?)”), Latin gradior (“to step”) (infinitive gradī). These words are normally reconstructed as coming from Proto-Indo-European *gʰredʰ-.
Verb
*gręstì impf[1][2]
- to go
Inflection
Conjugation of *gręsti, *gręde, *grędetь (impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *grędenьje | *gręsti | *gręstъ | *grędlъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *grędenъ | *grędomъ |
| Active | *grędъ | *grędy |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *gręd(ox)ъ | *gręde | *gręde | *grędǫ | *grędeši | *grędetь |
| Dual | *gręd(ox)ově | *gręd(e/os)ta | *gręd(e/os)te | *grędevě | *grędeta | *grędete |
| Plural | *gręd(ox)omъ | *gręd(e/os)te | *grędǫ, *grędošę | *grędemъ | *grędete | *grędǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *gręděaxъ | *gręděaše | *gręděaše | — | *grędi | *grędi |
| Dual | *gręděaxově | *gręděašeta | *gręděašete | *gręděvě | *gręděta | — |
| Plural | *gręděaxomъ | *gręděašete | *gręděaxǫ | *gręděmъ | *gręděte | — |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: грѧсти (gręsti) (11th century); грѣсти (grěsti) (11th century)
- Russian: грясти́ (grjastí) (infinitive is dated)
- Ukrainian: грясти́ (hrjastý)
- Old East Slavic: грѧсти (gręsti) (11th century); грѣсти (grěsti) (11th century)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: грѧсти (gręsti)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: грядѫ́ (grjadǫ́) (archaic; Gerov's dictionary)
- Macedonian: греде (grede) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: грѐсти, гре́сти
- Latin: grèsti, grésti
- Slovene: īti (tonal orthography) (suppletive present tense)
- Old Church Slavonic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gręsti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 123
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “гряду́”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gręstì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 188: “v. (c) ‘go’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “gręsti: grędǫ grędetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c gå, skride (PR 139)”