Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/granica

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/granica

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

*granica

Etymology

*grana, *granь (“branch; border”) +‎ *-ica.

Noun

*granìca f

1. border, boundary, limit, a line that separates things or areas
2. pedunculate oak (Quercus robur)

   Hypernym: *dǫ̑bъ

3. sharp branch, sharp tip or twig of a plant, apex

Inflection

Declension of *granìca (soft a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*granìca	*granìci	*granìcę̇
Accusative	*granìcǫ	*granìci	*granìcę̇
Genitive	*granìcę̇	*granìcu	*granìcь
Locative	*granìcī	*granìcu	*granìcāsъ
Dative	*granìcī	*granìcama	*granìcāmъ
Instrumental	*granìcējǫ, *granìcǭ*	*granìcama	*granìcāmī
Vocative	*granìce	*granìci	*granìcę̇

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: граница (granica)
    • Belarusian: грані́ца (hraníca)
    • Russian: грани́ца (graníca)
    • Ukrainian: грани́ця (hranýcja)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: граница (granica)
  • Bulgarian: гра́ница (gránica)
  • Macedonian: граница (granica)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: гра̀ница

    Latin: grànica

  • Slovene: grȃnica (tonal orthography)

• Non-Slavic:
• → Albanian: granë
• → Hungarian: gránic
• → Romanian: graniță
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: hranicě
    • Czech: hranice
  • Kashubian: greńca
  • Old Polish: granica, grańca
    • Polish: granica
    • → Middle Low German: grenitse, grense (descendants below are reinforced by modern German)
      • German Low German: Grenz
      • → Polabian: grensă
      • → Danish: grænse
      • → Dutch: grens
        • Afrikaans: grens
      • → Norwegian: grense
      • → Swedish: gräns
    • → Middle High German: graniza, grenize, greniz
      • → German: Grenze, also Gränze pre-1901
      • → Yiddish: גרענעץ‎ (grenets)
    • → Medieval Latin: granicia, granitia, graniciēs, granitiēs
  • Slovak: hranica
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: granica
    • Upper Sorbian: hranica

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “граница”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Gluhak, Alemko (1993) Hrvatski etimološki rječnik (in Serbo-Croatian), Zagreb: August Cesarec, page 244
• van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “grens”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*granica”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 106
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 440