< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grabiti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grā́ˀbīˀtei.
- Per Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrob-éye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreb-; meanings "to rake" in daughter languages from confusion with the root *gʰrebʰ- (see Proto-Slavic *gretì (“to dig, to rake, to scrape”)). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian gróbti (“to seize”), Latvian grābt (“to seize”). Indo-European cognates include Old Norse grápa (“to seize”). The same confusion appears to have happened elsewhere; compare Sanskrit गृह्णाति (gṛhṇā́ti), गृभ्णाति (gṛbhṇā́ti, “to seize, to hold, to take”). Avestan: grab- ‘to grab, seize, take’, Old Persian: grab- ‘to seize (as possesion), Persian گرفتن (gereftan), پذیرفتن (paziroftan).[1] English grab vs. Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (graban, “to dig”), all of which come from *gʰrebʰ-. Derksen does not derive this verb from *gʰrebʰ- due to Winter's law, which is required to produce the acute *-a- of the Slavic root but would not operate in *gʰrebʰ-.
- Per Vasmer, Chernykh and Trubachev, this verb in fact derives from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrob-éye-ti, from *gʰreb-; see also Proto-Slavic *gretì. Chernykh describes it as the causative of *gretì.
- Per Rix (LIV), probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrobh₂-éye-ti, from *gʰrebh₂-, which allows for Winter's law and also accounts for the Sanskrit -(b)h- (but still doesn't account for the Germanic forms, which are supposed to derive from a different root *gʰrebʰ-).
Verb
*gràbiti impf[2][3]
- to grab
- to seize
Inflection
Conjugation of *grabiti, *grabi, *grabitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *grabľenьje | *grabiti | *grabitъ | *grabilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *grabľenъ | *grabimъ |
| Active | *grabľь | *grabę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *grabixъ | *grabi | *grabi | *grabľǫ | *grabiši | *grabitь |
| Dual | *grabixově | *grabista | *grabiste | *grabivě | *grabita | *grabite |
| Plural | *grabixomъ | *grabiste | *grabišę | *grabimъ | *grabite | *grabętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *grabľaaxъ | *grabľaaše | *grabľaaše | — | *grabi | *grabi |
| Dual | *grabľaaxově | *grabľaašeta | *grabľaašete | *grabivě | *grabita | — |
| Plural | *grabľaaxomъ | *grabľaašete | *grabľaaxǫ | *grabimъ | *grabite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*grabivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Derived terms
- *grabežь
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: грабити (grabiti)
- Belarusian: гра́біць (hrábicʹ)
- Russian: гра́бить (grábitʹ)
- Ukrainian: грабува́ти (hrabuváty)
- Old East Slavic: грабити (grabiti)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: грабити (grabiti)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: гра́бя (grábja)
- Macedonian: граби (grabi)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: гра̏бити
- Latin: grȁbiti
- Chakavian (Vrgada): grȁbiti
- Chakavian (Orbanići): grȁbit
- Slovene: grábiti (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: hrabit (dialectal)
- Polish: grabić
- Slovincian: grȧ̃bjĭc
Further reading
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “гра́бить”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 210
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “гра́бить”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*grabiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 97
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*gʰrebh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 201
References
- Cheung, Johnny. 2007. Etymological dictionary of the Iranian verb. Leiden: Brill. p.119.
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gràbiti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 185: “v. (a) ‘seize, grab’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “grabiti: grabjǫ grabitь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a røve (PR 133; MP 26f.)”