< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/govoriti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From *govorъ + *-iti, an extension of Proto-Indo-European *gewH- + *-oriti. Cognate with Sanskrit जोगुवे (jóguve, “to call, to invoke”), Ancient Greek γόος (góos, “wailing, weeping”).
Verb
*govorìti impf[1][2]
- to speak, to talk
Conjugation
Conjugation of *govoriti, *govori, *govoritь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *govořenьje | *govoriti | *govoritъ | *govorilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *govořenъ | *govorimъ |
| Active | *govořь | *govorę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *govorixъ | *govori | *govori | *govořǫ | *govoriši | *govoritь |
| Dual | *govorixově | *govorista | *govoriste | *govorivě | *govorita | *govorite |
| Plural | *govorixomъ | *govoriste | *govorišę | *govorimъ | *govorite | *govorętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *govořaaxъ | *govořaaše | *govořaaše | — | *govori | *govori |
| Dual | *govořaaxově | *govořaašeta | *govořaašete | *govorivě | *govorita | — |
| Plural | *govořaaxomъ | *govořaašete | *govořaaxǫ | *govorimъ | *govorite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*govorivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: говорити (govoriti)
- Belarusian: гавары́ць (havarýcʹ)
- Russian: говори́ть (govorítʹ)
- Ukrainian: говори́ти (hovorýty)
- Old East Slavic: говорити (govoriti)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: говорити (govoriti)
- Glagolitic: ⰳⱁⰲⱁⱃⰻⱅⰹ (govoriti)
- Bulgarian: гово́ря (govórja)
- Macedonian: говори (govori)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: гово̀рити
- Latin: govòriti
- Chakavian (Vrgada): govorȉti
- Chakavian (Orbanići): govorȉt
- Slovene: govorīti (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: hovořiti
- Czech: hovořit
- Old Polish: goworzyć
- Polish: gaworzyć, gwarzyć
- Slovak: hovoriť
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: howrić
- Old Czech: hovořiti
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “говор”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*govoriti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 75
- Šanskij, N. M. (2004), “говор”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*govorìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 181: “v. ‘speak, talk’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “govoriti: govorjǫ govoritь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c tale (PR 139)”