Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gospodь

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gospodь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From earlier *gostьpodь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gástipatis (“host”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstipotis, a compound of *gʰóstis and *pótis. Cognate with Latin hospes.

Noun

*gȍspodь m[1][2][3]

1. lord

   *gospodь *bogъ ― God the Lord

2. master, overlord, superior

Declension

Declension of *gȍspodь (i-stem, accent paradigm c)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*gȍspodь	*gȍspodi	*gȍspodьjē, *gȍspoďē*
Accusative	*gȍspodь	*gȍspodi	*gȍspodi
Genitive	*gospodí	*gospodьjù, *gospoďu*	*gospodь̀jь
Locative	*gospodí	*gospodьjù, *gospoďu*	*gȍspodьxъ
Dative	*gȍspodi	*gospodьmà	*gȍspodьmъ
Instrumental	*gȍspodьmь	*gospodьmà	*gospodьmì
Vocative	*gospodi	*gȍspodi	*gȍspodьjē, *gȍspoďē*

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

• *gospoďa f (“lady, mistress”)
• *gospoda (“dominion”) (collective)
  • *gospodařь m, *gospodařь f (“sovereign, holder, propertier”)
• *gospodinъ m (“lord, sir”), *gospodyni f (“lady, madam”)
• *gospodьstvo (“supremacy, sovereignty”)
• *gospodьnъ (“Lord's”)

Related terms

• *gostь (“guest”)
  • *gostiteľь (“host”)
• *potьběga (“run-away wife, divorcee”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: господь (gospodĭ)
    • Belarusian: гаспо́дзь (haspódzʹ), го́спад (hóspad)
    • Russian: госпо́дь (gospódʹ)
    • Ukrainian: го́сподь (hóspodʹ), госпо́дь (hospódʹ), го́спідь (hóspidʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: господь (gospodĭ)

    Glagolitic: ⰳⱁⱄⱂⱁⰴⱐ (gospodĭ)

  • Bulgarian: Го́спод (Góspod)
  • Macedonian: Господ (Gospod)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: Го̏спод

    Latin: Gȍspod

  • Slovene: gospọ̑d (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: hospod
    • Czech: Hospodin
  • Polish: gospód (dialectal)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “господь”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gospodь/*gospodinъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 61
• Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “господ”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 267

References

1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gospodь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 180: “m. i ‘lord, master’”
2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “gospodь gospodi”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 71, 158, 171); a/c (PR 132, 138)”
3. Snoj, Marko (2016), “gospọd”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *gȍspodь”