< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/goniti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gánīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European gʷʰon-éye-ti, from *gʷʰen- (“to kill, strike”).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ganýti (“to graze, to pasture”), Latvian ganît (“to guard, to pasture”), Lithuanian giñti (“to chase, to drive”) (1sg. genù), also gìnti (1sg. ginù), Latvian dzìt (“to chase, to drive, to persecute”) (1sg. dzȩnu), Old Prussian guntwei (“to chase, to drive”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit हन्ति (hánti, “to strike, to kill”), Avestan 𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌 (jainti), Ancient Greek θείνω (theínō, “to kill”), Albanian gjuaj (“to chase”), Old Irish gonaid (“to injure”).
Verb
*gonìti impf[1][2]
- to chase
- to persecute
Inflection
Conjugation of *goniti, *goni, *gonitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *goňenьje | *goniti | *gonitъ | *gonilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *goňenъ | *gonimъ |
| Active | *goňь | *gonę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *gonixъ | *goni | *goni | *goňǫ | *goniši | *gonitь |
| Dual | *gonixově | *gonista | *goniste | *gonivě | *gonita | *gonite |
| Plural | *gonixomъ | *goniste | *gonišę | *gonimъ | *gonite | *gonętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *goňaaxъ | *goňaaše | *goňaaše | — | *goni | *goni |
| Dual | *goňaaxově | *goňaašeta | *goňaašete | *gonivě | *gonita | — |
| Plural | *goňaaxomъ | *goňaašete | *goňaaxǫ | *gonimъ | *gonite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*gonivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Related terms
- *gъnàti (“to chase, to persecute”)
- *gaňati (“to chase, to persecute (iterative)”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: гонити (goniti)
- Belarusian: гані́ць (hanícʹ) (dialectal)
- Russian: гони́ть (gonítʹ) (dialectal)
- Ukrainian: гонити (honyty)
- Old East Slavic: гонити (goniti)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: гонити (goniti)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: го́ня (gónja)
- Macedonian: гони (goni)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: го̀нити
- Latin: gòniti
- Chakavian (Vrgada): gonȉti
- Chakavian (Orbanići): gonȉt
- Slovene: gonīti (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: honiti
- Czech: honit
- Moravian (Mistřice): hóňit
- Czech: honit
- Polish: gonić
- (Ślemień): góńić
- Silesian: gōnić
- Slovak: honiť
- Slovincian: gʉ̀ɵ̯ńĭc
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: honić
- Lower Sorbian: góniś
- Old Czech: honiti
Further reading
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “гнать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 194
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “гоню́”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*goniti (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 23
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gonìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 177: “v. (b) ‘chase, persecute’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “goniti: gonjǫ gonitь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b jage (PR 137)”