< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ględati
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *glenˀd-, with acute through Winter's law from Proto-Indo-European *gʰlend-.
Verb
*glę̀dati impf[1][2]
- to look at, to watch
Inflection
Conjugation of *ględati, *ględa, *ględajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *ględanьje | *ględati | *ględatъ | *ględalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *ględanъ | *ględajemъ |
| Active | *ględavъ | *ględaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *ględaxъ | *ględa | *ględa | *ględajǫ | *ględaješi | *ględajetь |
| Dual | *ględaxově | *ględasta | *ględaste | *ględajevě | *ględajeta | *ględajete |
| Plural | *ględaxomъ | *ględaste | *ględašę | *ględajemъ | *ględajete | *ględajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *ględaaxъ | *ględaaše | *ględaaše | — | *ględaji | *ględaji |
| Dual | *ględaaxově | *ględaašeta | *ględaašete | *ględajivě | *ględajita | — |
| Plural | *ględaaxomъ | *ględaašete | *ględaaxǫ | *ględajimъ | *ględajite | — |
Related terms
- *ględěti
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: глѧдати (gljadati) (11th century)
- Russian: гля́дать (gljádatʹ) (dialectal), гляда́ть (gljadátʹ) (dialectal; Dal's dictionary)
- Ukrainian: гляда́ти (hljadáty)
- Old East Slavic: глѧдати (gljadati) (11th century)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: глѧдати (ględati)
- Glagolitic: ⰳⰾⱔⰴⰰⱅⰹ (ględati)
- Bulgarian: гле́дам (glédam), гле́ндам (gléndam) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: гледа (gleda)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: гле̏дати, гле́дати
- Latin: glȅdati, glédati
- Chakavian (Vrgada): glȅdati
- Chakavian (Orbanići): glȅdat
- Slovene: glẹ́dati (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: hlídat, hledat
- Polabian: gľǫdăl (“dreamed”, past)
- Old Polish: glądać, ględać
- Polish: ględać
- Slovak: hľadať
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: glědaś
- Upper Sorbian: hladać
Further reading
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “гляде́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*gʰlendʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 200
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ględati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 122
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “гляде́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glę̀dati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164: “v. (a) ‘look at’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “ględati: ględajǫ ględajetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 123, 133)”