< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ežь
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Equivalent to *-ogъ + *-jь. Derivatives from stative/essive *-ěti verbs are also attested with the doublet ending *-ěžь, probably due to association with the verb extension, like in:
- *bolěti (“to ache”) → Old Church Slavonic болєжь (boležĭ) : Bulgarian болежка (boležka), dial. боляжка (boljažka) (as if from *bolěžьka)
- *gorěti (“to burn”) → *gorěžь
Suffix
*-ežь m
- Deverbal, forming action nouns.
- From verbs ending in -C- (rarely)
- */padti/ > *pasti (“to fall”) → *padežь (“fall”)
- */mętti/ > *męsti (“to mix”) → *mętežь (“chaos, confusion”)
- *sluti (“to utter”) → *slovežь (“utterance”)
- *orsti (“to grow, to rise”) → *orstežь (“upgrowth”)
- From causative verbs ending in -i-
- *grabiti (“to grab, to seize”) → *grabežь (“grabbing”)
- *gorditi (“to build”) → *gordežь (“building, construction”)
- *strojiti (“to construct”) → *stroježь (“construction”)
- *strьmiti (“to seek”) → *strьmežь (“aim, strive”)
- *paliti (“to ignite, to set on fire”) → *paležь (“arson”)
- *valiti (“to rain/snow”) → *valežь (“precipitation, rain/snow-fall”)
- From causative verbs ending in -ě- (obsolete, mainly in South Slavic)
- *goděti (“to get engaged”) → *godežь/*goděžь (“engagement”)
- *kopněti (“to yearn, to long for”) → *kopnežь/*kopněžь (“dream, desire”)
- From verbs ending in -C- (rarely)
- Deadjectival (possibly via a causative or stative verb), forming a noun denoting a property or a state.
- *moldъ (“young”) → *molděti (“to be young”) → *moldežь (“youth”)
- *pьlnъ (“full”) → *pьlniti (“to fill”)/*pьlněti (“to get full”) → *pьlnežь/*pьlněžь (“filling, stuffing”)
- Denominal (possibly via a causative verb), forming a noun denoting a result.
- *čьrta (“nick, dash”) → *čьrtiti (“to draw”) → *čьrtežь (“draft”)
- *platъ (“fabric, cloth”) → *platiti (“to pay”) → *platežь (“payment”)
Alternative forms
- *-ěžь (for derivatives from verbs in *-ěti)
Declension
Declension of *-ežь (soft o-stem)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *-ežь | *-eža | *-eži |
Accusative | *-ežь | *-eža | *-ežę̇ |
Genitive | *-eža | *-ežu | *-ežь |
Locative | *-eži | *-ežu | *-ežixъ |
Dative | *-ežu | *-ežema | *-ežemъ |
Instrumental | *-ežьmь, *-ežemь* | *-ežema | *-eži |
Vocative | *-ežu | *-eža | *-eži |
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ežь
Usage notes
- Usually it's not used with roots ending in g/k/x/s/z (see *-ьba).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: -ежь (-ežĭ)
- Belarusian: -еж (-jež), -ёж (-jož)
- Russian: -ёжь (-jóžʹ), -ёж (-jóž), -еж (-ež)
- Ukrainian: -іж (-iž)
- Old East Slavic: -ежь (-ežĭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: -єжь (-ežĭ)
- Glagolitic: -ⰵⰶⱐ (-ežĭ)
- Bulgarian: -еж (-ež)
- Macedonian: -еж (-ež)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: -еж
- Latin: -ež
- Slovene: -ež
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: -ež
- Kashubian: -éż, -éżô, -ża
- Polish: -eż
- Slovak: -ež
- Slovincian: -ėž, -ež
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*bodežь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 152
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gorěžь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 43
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*grabežь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 96
References
- Šekli, Matej (2012), “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies (in Slovene), volume 10, issue 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32