Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/esi

< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/esi

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ési, verb form of *h₁ésti.

Cognate withLithuanian esì,Latvian esi,Old Prussian essei.

FurtherSanskrit असि (ási),Avestan 𐬀𐬵𐬌‎ (ahi),Old Armenian ես (es),Ancient Greek ἐσσί (essí),Latin es.

Verb

*esi

1. second-person singular present of *byti

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: еси (esi)
    • Russian: еси́ (jesí)
    • Ukrainian: єси́ (jesý)
  • Old Novgorodian: еси (esi)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: ѥси (jesi)
  • Bulgarian: си (si)
  • Macedonian: си (si)
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    • Cyrillic: јѐси, си
    • Latin: jèsi, si
  • Old Slovene: iezi[1]
    • Slovene: si
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: jsi (yſy/yſi/gſi/ſi)[2]
    • Czech: jsi
  • Old Polish: jeś (ies/?yesz)[3], jest jeś, jesteś, jeś jest
    • Polish: jesteś, -ś
  • Slovak: si
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: sy[4]
    • Lower Sorbian: sy

References

1. “iezi”, in Freising manuscripts, 1005±33, page 8 (3.2/161r), line 68
2. Jan Gebauer (1886), “Tvaroslovné výklady a doklady ke slovesům třídy IV, VI a bezpříznakým. Kmeny praesentní bez příznaku.”, in Listy filologické a paedagogické, volume 13, Prague: Jednota českých filologů, Edvard Grégr, page 302
3. K. Nitsch, editor (1954), “1. Być”, in Słownik staropolski (in Old Polish), volume 1, Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 183
4. Křesćan Pful, editor (1866), “2. Sy”, in Łužiski serbski słownik / Lausitzisch Wendisches Wörterbuch (in German), Budyšin: Maćica Serbska, page 697

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “еси”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress