< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьrgati
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dirˀg-, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥Hgʰ, from the root *derHgʰ- (given as *derHǵʰ- in Derksen, but this is likely a typo). Cognate with Lithuanian dìrginti (“to irritate”), dìrgti (“to become weak”) and Latvian dragât (“to pull, to tear”), derglît (“to tear, to split”). Further akin to Proto-Germanic *targijaną (“to tarry, to pull”).
In some dialects, *dьrgati has overlapped with forms of Proto-Slavic *drъgati (“to shake off, to tremble”).
Verb
*dьrgati impf (perfective *dьrnǫti)[1]
- to comb, to pluck
- to pull, to tug, to jerk
Conjugation
Conjugation of *dьrgati, *dьrga, *dьrgajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *dьrganьje | *dьrgati | *dьrgatъ | *dьrgalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *dьrganъ | *dьrgajemъ |
| Active | *dьrgavъ | *dьrgaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *dьrgaxъ | *dьrga | *dьrga | *dьrgajǫ | *dьrgaješi | *dьrgajetь |
| Dual | *dьrgaxově | *dьrgasta | *dьrgaste | *dьrgajevě | *dьrgajeta | *dьrgajete |
| Plural | *dьrgaxomъ | *dьrgaste | *dьrgašę | *dьrgajemъ | *dьrgajete | *dьrgajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *dьrgaaxъ | *dьrgaaše | *dьrgaaše | — | *dьrgaji | *dьrgaji |
| Dual | *dьrgaaxově | *dьrgaašeta | *dьrgaašete | *dьrgajivě | *dьrgajita | — |
| Plural | *dьrgaaxomъ | *dьrgaašete | *dьrgaaxǫ | *dьrgajimъ | *dьrgajite | — |
Related terms
- *derti, *dьrati (“to tear”)
- *dьrnǫti
- *dòrga (“road, way”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: дръгати (drŭgati)
- Belarusian: до́ргаць (dórhacʹ)
- Russian: дёргать (djórgatʹ)
- Ukrainian: де́ргати (dérhaty)
- Old East Slavic: дръгати (drŭgati)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: дъ́рзам (dǎ́rzam), дъ́ргам (dǎ́rgam)
- Slovene: dŕgati (tonal orthography)
- Serbo-Croatian: дркати,
- West Slavic:
- Czech: drhat
- Polish: dziergać, dzierzgać
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: źergaś
Further reading
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “дёргать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 242
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dьrgati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 221
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “дергать”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “дързам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 462
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “dьrgati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 135: “v.”