Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьrati

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьrati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dírāˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *derH- (“to split, to separate; to tear, to crack, to shatter”), reanalyzed form of an earlier *dertì.

Verb

*dьràti impf[1][2][3]

1. to tear, to flay

Conjugation

• Intensive derivative: *-dirati

Conjugation of *dьrati, *dьra, *deretь (impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*dьranьje	*dьrati	*dьratъ	*dьralъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*dьranъ	*deromъ
Active	*dьravъ	*dery

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dьraxъ	*dьra	*dьra	*derǫ	*dereši	*deretь
Dual	*dьraxově	*dьrasta	*dьraste	*derevě	*dereta	*derete
Plural	*dьraxomъ	*dьraste	*dьrašę	*deremъ	*derete	*derǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dьraaxъ	*dьraaše	*dьraaše	—	*deri	*deri
Dual	*dьraaxově	*dьraašeta	*dьraašete	*derěvě	*derěta	—
Plural	*dьraaxomъ	*dьraašete	*dьraaxǫ	*derěmъ	*derěte	—

Related terms

• *dorъ (“tearing, cleansing”)
• *dьrpàti (“to pluck, to pull”)
• *dьrtěti (“to ripen, to get old”)
• *dьrkàti, *dьrčàti (“to jingle, to buzz”)
• *dьrbàti, *dьrbiti (“to scribe, to draw; to gulp”)
• *dьrdàti (“to chop, to cut”)
• *dьrgàti (“to rub, to scrub”)
• *dьrliti (“to quarrel, to scold”)
• *dьrmàti (“to shake, to jiggle”)
• *draskàti (“to scratch”)

Derived terms

• *dьrtъ (“ragged, torn, old”)
• *dьrtь (“chunk”)
• *dьrnъ (“clump, piece”)
• *dorkъ (“thorn, scandal”)
• *dьranь (“tearing, skinning”)
• *dьravъ (“robust, impetuous”)
• *dira/*diřa (“trace, trail, crack”)
• *derьmo (“turd”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: дра́ти (dráti)[4]
    • Belarusian: дра́ць (drácʹ)
    • Russian: дра́ть (drátʹ)
    • Ukrainian: дра́ти (dráty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: дьрати (dĭrati)
  • Bulgarian: дера́ (derá)
  • Macedonian: дере (dere)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: дра̏ти, дѐрати

    Latin: drȁti, dèrati

    • Chakavian (Vrgada): derȁti
    • Chakavian (Orbanići): derȁt
  • Slovene: dẹ̑rati (tonal orthography) (obsolete)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: drát
  • Polabian: derĕ (3sg.)
  • Old Polish: drać
  • Slovak: drať
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: draś

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “драть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dьrati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 218
• Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “дера”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 343

References

1. Nikolajev, S. L. (2014), “K rekonstrukcii akcentnyx klassov balto-slavjanskix glagolov*”, in Balto-slavjanskije issledovanija – XIX, Moscow – Saint-Petersburg: The work was carried out with the support of the basic research Program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences
2. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*dьrati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 135: “v. ‘tear, flay’”
3. Olander, Thomas (2001), “dьrati: derǫ deretь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 204, 236; PR 139)”
4. Zaliznjak, Andrej A. (2014), “Drevnerusskoje udarenije. Obščije svedenija i slovarʹ”, in Languages of Slavic Culture‎ (in Russian), Moscow: Institute for Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 278: “дра́ти”