< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/děva
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, suckle”), whence also Latin femina, Hittite 𒋼𒂊𒋫𒀭 (te-e-ta-an), Sanskrit धयति (dháyati), Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (daddjan, “suckle”) and Old Armenian դիեմ (diem).
Original meaning was thus "one that can suckle, nurse". Compare *dojiti (“to give milk, nurse, breastfeed”).
Noun
*dě̀va f[1][2]
- maiden, girl
Declension
Declension of *dě̀va (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *dě̀va | *dě̀vě | *dě̀vy |
Accusative | *dě̀vǫ | *dě̀vě | *dě̀vy |
Genitive | *dě̀vy | *dě̀vu | *dě̀vъ |
Locative | *dě̀vě | *dě̀vu | *dě̀vasъ, *dě̀vaxъ* |
Dative | *dě̀vě | *dě̀vama | *dě̀vamъ |
Instrumental | *dě̀vojǫ, *dě̀vǭ** | *dě̀vama | *dě̀vamī |
Vocative | *dě̀vo | *dě̀vě | *dě̀vy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Declension of *děvà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *děvà | *dě̑vě | *dě̑vy |
Accusative | *dě̑vǫ | *dě̑vě | *dě̑vy |
Genitive | *děvý | *děvù | *dě̃vъ |
Locative | *dě̑vě | *děvù | *děvàsъ, *děvàxъ* |
Dative | *děvě̀ | *děvàma | *děvàmъ |
Instrumental | *děvojǫ́ | *děvàma | *děvàmi |
Vocative | *děvo | *dě̑vě | *dě̑vy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
Derived terms
- *děvica
- *děvьstvo
- *děvoja
- *děvosnubъ
- *děvovati
- *děvuxa
- *děvъjь
- *děvъka
Related terms
- *dětь
- *dęte
- *dojiti
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: дѣ́ва (dě́va)
- Belarusian: дзе́ва (dzjéva)
- Russian: де́ва (déva)
- Rusyn: дїва (djiva)
- Ukrainian: ді́ва (díva)
- Old East Slavic: дѣ́ва (dě́va)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: дѣва (děva)
- Glagolitic: ⰴⱑⰲⰰ (děva)
- Bulgarian: де́ва (déva)
- Macedonian: де́ва (déva) (archaic)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: дје́ва, де́ва
- Latin: djéva, déva
- Slovene: dẹ̑va (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: děva, díva (dialectal)
- Kashubian: dzéwka
- Polabian: devă
- Old Polish: dziewa
- Polish: dziwka, dziewka, dziewa (archaic, literary, dialectal)
- Slovak: deva
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “дева”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*děva”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 17
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*dě̀va”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 105: “f. ā (a) ‘maiden, girl’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “děva”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 132; RPT 110)”