Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/děra

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Enlonged grade of *derti (“to tear”) +‎ *-a, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear”).

Noun

dě̄rà f[1]

crack, snick, notch
Synonyms: *rězъ, *pazina, *želbъ

Alternative forms

*dira, *diřa (i-reflex)
*dyra (u-reflex)

Declension

Declension of *dě̄rà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*dě̄rà	*dě̃rě	*dě̄rỳ
Accusative	*dě̄rǫ̀	*dě̃rě	*dě̄rỳ
Genitive	*dě̄rỳ	*dě̄rù	*dě̃rъ
Locative	*dě̄rě̀	*dě̄rù	dě̄ràsъ, dě̄ràxъ^*
Dative	*dě̄rě̀	*dě̄ràma	*dě̄ràmъ
Instrumental	dě̄ròjǫ, dě̃rǫ^**	*dě̄ràma	*dě̄ràmī
Vocative	*děro	*dě̃rě	*dě̄rỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

*derti, *dьrati (“to tear, to flay”)
*derъ, *derьba (“skinning, flaying”)
*dorъ (“tearing, split”)

Derived terms

*děravъ (“torn, ragged”)
*děrьnъ (“hollow”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: дѣра (děra)
- Ukrainian: діра́ (dirá)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: diera
  - Czech: díra
- Slovincian: ʒė̂ra
- Slovak: diera
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: dźěra
  - Lower Sorbian: źěra

References

Derksen, Rick (2008), “*dě̄rà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 103: “f. ā 'crack, hole'”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*dě̄rà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 103: “f. ā 'crack, hole'”