Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dęsna

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *déntsnāˀ, from *dantís, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts.

Noun

*dę̄snà f

gum (soft tissue around the teeth)

Alternative forms

*dę̄snò
*dę̄slò

Declension

Declension of *dę̄snà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*dę̄snà	*dę̃sně	*dę̄snỳ
Accusative	*dę̄snǫ̀	*dę̃sně	*dę̄snỳ
Genitive	*dę̄snỳ	*dę̄snù	*dę̃snъ
Locative	*dę̄sně̀	*dę̄snù	dę̄snàsъ, dę̄snàxъ^*
Dative	*dę̄sně̀	*dę̄snàma	*dę̄snàmъ
Instrumental	dę̄snòjǫ, dę̃snǫ^**	*dę̄snàma	*dę̄snàmī
Vocative	*dęsno	*dę̃sně	*dę̄snỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: дѧсна́ (dęsná)
  - Belarusian: дзясна́ (dzjasná)
  - Russian: десна́ (desná), десла́ (deslá) (Pskov dialect)
  - Ukrainian: я́сна (jásna)
South Slavic:
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: де̑сни
  Latin: dȇsni
- Slovene: dlesen
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: dásno, dásň, dáseň
  - Czech: dáseň
    - Bohemian (Chod dialect): dásno
    - Moravian (Mistřice): jásno
- Kashubian: dąsło, dąsno, dąsna
- Polabian: ďǫsnă
- Old Polish: dziąsno
  - Polish: dziąsło
- Slovak: ďasno
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: dźasno
  - Lower Sorbian: źěsna n pl