< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dyšati
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From an earlier *dyxěti, formed as *dyxъ (“whiff”) + *-ěti. Cognate with Lithuanian dūsė́ti (“to gasp”) and akin to Lithuanian dusė́ti (“to cough”), Latvian dusêt (“to gasp, to breathe”).
Verb
*dyšàti impf[1][2]
- to breathe
Inflection
Conjugation of *dyšati, *dyša, *dyšitь (impf., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-ěti
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *dyšanьje | *dyšati | *dyšatъ | *dyšalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *dyšanъ | *dyšimъ |
| Active | *dyšavъ | *dyšę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *dyšaxъ | *dyša | *dyša | *dyšǫ | *dyšiši | *dyšitь |
| Dual | *dyšaxově | *dyšasta | *dyšaste | *dyšivě | *dyšita | *dyšite |
| Plural | *dyšaxomъ | *dyšaste | *dyšašę | *dyšimъ | *dyšite | *dyšętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *dyšaaxъ | *dyšaaše | *dyšaaše | — | *dyši | *dyši |
| Dual | *dyšaaxově | *dyšaašeta | *dyšaašete | *dyšivě | *dyšita | — |
| Plural | *dyšaaxomъ | *dyšaašete | *dyšaaxǫ | *dyšimъ | *dyšite | — |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Russian: дыша́ть (dyšátʹ)
- South Slavic:
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Latin: dȉšati, dȉšiti
- Slovene: dišáti (tonal orthography)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- West Slavic:
- Polish: dyszeć
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “дышать”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dyšati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 205
Etymology 2
Secondary iterative form of the intensive *dyxati + *-jati. Akin to Lithuanian dūsúoti (“to breathe heavily”).
Verb
*dyšati impf
- to breathe
Inflection
Conjugation of *dyšati, *dyša, *dyšajetь (impf., -ě-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ěti
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *dyšanьje | *dyšati | *dyšatъ | *dyšalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *dyšanъ | *dyšajemъ |
| Active | *dyšavъ | *dyšaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *dyšaxъ | *dyša | *dyša | *dyšajǫ | *dyšaješi | *dyšajetь |
| Dual | *dyšaxově | *dyšasta | *dyšaste | *dyšajevě | *dyšajeta | *dyšajete |
| Plural | *dyšaxomъ | *dyšaste | *dyšašę | *dyšajemъ | *dyšajete | *dyšajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *dyšaaxъ | *dyšaaše | *dyšaaše | — | *dyšaji | *dyšaji |
| Dual | *dyšaaxově | *dyšaašeta | *dyšaašete | *dyšajivě | *dyšajita | — |
| Plural | *dyšaaxomъ | *dyšaašete | *dyšaaxǫ | *dyšajimъ | *dyšajite | — |
Descendants
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: ди́шам (díšam)
- Macedonian: дише (diše)
Further reading
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “дишам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 398
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “dyšati: dyšjǫ dyšitь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c ånde (PR 139)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “dišáti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*dyša̋ti”