< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dvigati
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Vasmer marks the word as unclear. According to one theory, from *d(ъ)vigъ (“branching, buttress serving as lever”), from *d(ъ)va (“2”) + *-igъ. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) Compare German Zweig (“branch < branching”), from Zwei (“2”).
The loss of -v- in South Slavic is secondary. For a similar phenomenon, compare Serbo-Croatian storiti (“to do, to commit”), Bulgarian сторя (storja, “to do”) < *sъtvoriti.
Verb
*dvigati impf (perfective *dvignǫti)[1]
- to raise, lift, move up
Conjugation
Conjugation of *dvigati, *dviga, *dvižetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *dviganьje | *dvigati | *dvigatъ | *dvigalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *dviganъ | *dvižemъ |
| Active | *dvigavъ | *dvižę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *dvigaxъ | *dviga | *dviga | *dvižǫ | *dvižeši | *dvižetь |
| Dual | *dvigaxově | *dvigasta | *dvigaste | *dviževě | *dvižeta | *dvižete |
| Plural | *dvigaxomъ | *dvigaste | *dvigašę | *dvižemъ | *dvižete | *dvižǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *dvigaaxъ | *dvigaaše | *dvigaaše | — | *dviži | *dviži |
| Dual | *dvigaaxově | *dvigaašeta | *dvigaašete | *dviživě | *dvižita | — |
| Plural | *dvigaaxomъ | *dvigaašete | *dvigaaxǫ | *dvižimъ | *dvižite | — |
Conjugation of *dvigati, *dviga, *dvigajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *dviganьje | *dvigati | *dvigatъ | *dvigalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *dviganъ | *dvigajemъ |
| Active | *dvigavъ | *dvigaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *dvigaxъ | *dviga | *dviga | *dvigajǫ | *dvigaješi | *dvigajetь |
| Dual | *dvigaxově | *dvigasta | *dvigaste | *dvigajevě | *dvigajeta | *dvigajete |
| Plural | *dvigaxomъ | *dvigaste | *dvigašę | *dvigajemъ | *dvigajete | *dvigajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *dvigaaxъ | *dvigaaše | *dvigaaše | — | *dvigaji | *dvigaji |
| Dual | *dvigaaxově | *dvigaašeta | *dvigaašete | *dvigajivě | *dvigajita | — |
| Plural | *dvigaaxomъ | *dvigaašete | *dvigaaxǫ | *dvigajimъ | *dvigajite | — |
Alternative forms
- *dviťi
See also
- *ruxъ (“movement”)
Derived terms
- *dvignǫti
Descendants
*dvigati:
- East Slavic:
- Russian: дви́гать (dvígatʹ)
- Ukrainian: дви́гати (dvýhaty)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: двиѕати (dvidzati)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: дигам (digam), дви́жа (dvíža)
- Macedonian: дига (diga), движи (dviži)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ди̏зати
- Latin: dȉzati
- Slovene: dvígati
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: dvíhat
- Polish: dźwigać
- Slovak: dvíhať
- Slovincian: dvjĩgăc
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: zwigaś
*dviťi:
- Church Slavonic: *двищи (*dvišti), двигомꙑ (dvigomy) (Russian) (1389)
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “двигать”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dvig(a)ti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 168
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “dvigati: dvižǫ dvižetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 133)”