< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dušiti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews- (“to breathe”) + *-éyeti.
Verb
*dušìti impf
- to smother, to suffocate, to choke
- to breathe heavily
Inflection
Conjugation of *dušiti, *duši, *dušitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *dušenьje | *dušiti | *dušitъ | *dušilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *dušenъ | *dušimъ |
| Active | *dušь | *dušę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *dušixъ | *duši | *duši | *dušǫ | *dušiši | *dušitь |
| Dual | *dušixově | *dušista | *dušiste | *dušivě | *dušita | *dušite |
| Plural | *dušixomъ | *dušiste | *dušišę | *dušimъ | *dušite | *dušętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *dušaaxъ | *dušaaše | *dušaaše | — | *duši | *duši |
| Dual | *dušaaxově | *dušaašeta | *dušaašete | *dušivě | *dušita | — |
| Plural | *dušaaxomъ | *dušaašete | *dušaaxǫ | *dušimъ | *dušite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*dušivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Related terms
- *daviti (“to drown”)
- *duti (“to blow off, to swell”)
- *duxъ (“spirit”)
- *dъxъ (“breath, sniff”)
Derived terms
- *zadušiti (“to smother”)
- *udušiti (“to strangle”)
- *jьzdušiti (“to deprive of air”)
- *otъdušiti (“to ventilate”)
- *otъdušьnikъ (“vent”)
- *duša (“soul”)
- *dušěvьnъ (“spiritual”)
- *dušěvьnostь (“spirituality”)
- *dušьnъ (“muggy, stewed”)
- *dušьlivъ (“suffocant”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: душы́ць (dušýcʹ)
- Russian: души́ть (dušítʹ)
- Ukrainian: души́ти (dušýty)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: душа́ (dušá)
- Macedonian: души (duši) (literary), гуши (guši)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ду́шити (literary), гу́шити
- Latin: dúšiti (literary), gúšiti
- Slovene: dušíti, dušȋti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: dusit
- Polish: dusić
- Slovak: dusiť
Further reading
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “dušiti: dušjǫ dušitь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 260; PR 139)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “dušīti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*duši̋ti”
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dušiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 164
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “душа̀”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 452
Etymology 2
Denominal verb from *duxъ (“spirit”) + *-iti.
Verb
*dȗšiti impf
- to sniff, to scent
- to examine via scent
Inflection
Conjugation of *dušiti, *duši, *dušitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *dušenьje | *dušiti | *dušitъ | *dušilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *dušenъ | *dušimъ |
| Active | *dušь | *dušę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *dušixъ | *duši | *duši | *dušǫ | *dušiši | *dušitь |
| Dual | *dušixově | *dušista | *dušiste | *dušivě | *dušita | *dušite |
| Plural | *dušixomъ | *dušiste | *dušišę | *dušimъ | *dušite | *dušętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *dušaaxъ | *dušaaše | *dušaaše | — | *duši | *duši |
| Dual | *dušaaxově | *dušaašeta | *dušaašete | *dušivě | *dušita | — |
| Plural | *dušaaxomъ | *dušaašete | *dušaaxǫ | *dušimъ | *dušite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*dušivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Derived terms
- *podušiti (“to smell”)
- *nadušiti (“to scent”)
- *sъdušiti (“to sniff”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: душы́ць (dušýcʹ, “to perfume”)
- Russian: души́ть (dušítʹ, “to perfume”)
- Ukrainian: души́ти (dušýty, “to perfume”)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: ду́ша (dúša, “to sniff, to try to smell”)
Further reading
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “ду̀шa”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 452