< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drъgati
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewg-/*dʰrewgʰ- (“to shake off, to drain”), related to Lithuanian drugỹs (“fever; butterfly”), Latvian drudzis (“fever”). Further akin to Proto-Germanic *druknijaną, *drūgijaną (“to dry”).
In some dialects, the descendants of *drъgati have merged with those of Proto-Slavic *dьrgati (“to scratch”).
Verb
*drъgati impf (perfective *drъgnǫti)[1]
- (intransitive) to tremble, to tremor
- (transitive) to shake, to jerk
Alternative forms
- *drygati (vr̥ddhi) (in Ruthenian: possibly from regular syllabalization of *-rъ- > *-r̥- > *-ry-)
Conjugation
Conjugation of *drъgati, *drъga, *drъgajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *drъganьje | *drъgati | *drъgatъ | *drъgalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *drъganъ | *drъgajemъ |
| Active | *drъgavъ | *drъgaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *drъgaxъ | *drъga | *drъga | *drъgajǫ | *drъgaješi | *drъgajetь |
| Dual | *drъgaxově | *drъgasta | *drъgaste | *drъgajevě | *drъgajeta | *drъgajete |
| Plural | *drъgaxomъ | *drъgaste | *drъgašę | *drъgajemъ | *drъgajete | *drъgajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *drъgaaxъ | *drъgaaše | *drъgaaše | — | *drъgaji | *drъgaji |
| Dual | *drъgaaxově | *drъgaašeta | *drъgaašete | *drъgajivě | *drъgajita | — |
| Plural | *drъgaaxomъ | *drъgaašete | *drъgaaxǫ | *drъgajimъ | *drъgajite | — |
Related terms
- *drъžь, *drъžati
- *drъgъtъ (“jerk, convulsion”)
- *drъgъtati (“to jerk”)
- *drъgъva (“sinkhole, swamp, moor”)
- *drъgъkъ (“trembling”)
- *druzgati (“to stomp, to shake off”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: дры́гаць (drýhacʹ)
- Russian: дро́гать (drógatʹ, “to shake”), дры́гать (drýgatʹ, “to jerk”)
- >? Ukrainian: дрига́ти (dryháty, “to mill”) (dialectal)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: дъ́ргам (dǎ́rgam, “to shake, to jolt”) (partially)
- ⇒ Serbo-Croatian: dŕhtati; dȑkati (“to masturbate”) (partially?)
- ⇒ Slovene: dŕgati; dȓkati (“to masturbate”) (partially?)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: drhati (“to tremble, shiver”) (rare)
- Polish: drgać, drygać
- Silesian: dyrgać
- Slovak: drgať
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*drъgati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 122
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*drъgati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 137
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “дрыгать”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “дригати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “drgȅt”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si