< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/družina
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From *drugъ (“companion, friend”) + *-ina (“collective suffix”).
Noun
*družìna f[1]
- group of associates; team, company, band, troop
Inflection
Declension of *družìna (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *družìna | *družìně | *družìny |
| Accusative | *družìnǫ | *družìně | *družìny |
| Genitive | *družìny | *družìnu | *družìnъ |
| Locative | *družìně | *družìnu | *družìnasъ, *družìnaxъ* |
| Dative | *družìně | *družìnama | *družìnamъ |
| Instrumental | *družìnojǫ, *družìnǭ** | *družìnama | *družìnamī |
| Vocative | *družìno | *družìně | *družìny |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: дружина (družina)
- Belarusian: дружы́на (družýna)
- Russian: дружи́на (družína)
- Ukrainian: дружи́на (družýna, “wife”)
- Old Novgorodian: друзина (druzina) (Old Pskovian)
- Old East Slavic: дружина (družina)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: дроужина (družina)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Church Slavonic: дружина (družina) (Russian)
- Bulgarian: дружи́на (družína)
- Macedonian: дружина (družina)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: дру̀жина
- Latin: drùžina
- Slovene: družína (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: družina
- Czech: družina
- Polish: drużyna
- Slovak: družina
- Old Czech: družina
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “дружина”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “дружина”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 271
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*družina”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 134
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*družìna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 122: “f. ā (a)”