< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dobrъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dabras, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ-ro-s, from *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“to fashion, fit”). Morphologically formed as *dòbъ + *-rъ.
Cognate with Latin faber, Proto-Germanic *dapraz.
Adjective
*dòbrъ (comparative *lučьjь or *uňьjь)[1][2]
- good
- Antonym: *zъlъ
Declension
Accent paradigm b.
Indefinite declension of *dobrъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *dobrъ | *dobra | *dobro |
| Accusative | *dobrъ | *dobrǫ | *dobro |
| Genitive | *dobra | *dobry | *dobra |
| Locative | *dobrě | *dobrě | *dobrě |
| Dative | *dobru | *dobrě | *dobru |
| Instrumental | *dobromь | *dobrojǫ | *dobromь |
| Vocative | *dobre | *dobro | *dobro |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *dobra | *dobrě | *dobrě |
| Accusative | *dobra | *dobrě | *dobrě |
| Genitive | *dobru | *dobru | *dobru |
| Locative | *dobru | *dobru | *dobru |
| Dative | *dobroma | *dobrama | *dobroma |
| Instrumental | *dobroma | *dobrama | *dobroma |
| Vocative | *dobra | *dobrě | *dobrě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *dobri | *dobry | *dobra |
| Accusative | *dobry | *dobry | *dobra |
| Genitive | *dobrъ | *dobrъ | *dobrъ |
| Locative | *dobrěxъ | *dobraxъ | *dobrěxъ |
| Dative | *dobromъ | *dobramъ | *dobromъ |
| Instrumental | *dobry | *dobrami | *dobry |
| Vocative | *dobri | *dobry | *dobra |
Definite declension of *dobrъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *dobrъjь | *dobraja | *dobroje |
| Accusative | *dobrъjь | *dobrǫjǫ | *dobroje |
| Genitive | *dobrajego | *dobryję | *dobrajego |
| Locative | *dobrějemь | *dobrěji | *dobrějemь |
| Dative | *dobrujemu | *dobrěji | *dobrujemu |
| Instrumental | *dobryjimi | *dobrǫjǫ | *dobryjimi |
| Vocative | *dobrъjь | *dobraja | *dobroje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *dobraja | *dobrěji | *dobrěji |
| Accusative | *dobraja | *dobrěji | *dobrěji |
| Genitive | *dobruju | *dobruju | *dobruju |
| Locative | *dobruju | *dobruju | *dobruju |
| Dative | *dobryjima | *dobryjima | *dobryjima |
| Instrumental | *dobryjima | *dobryjima | *dobryjima |
| Vocative | *dobraja | *dobrěji | *dobrěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *dobriji | *dobryję | *dobraja |
| Accusative | *dobryję | *dobryję | *dobraja |
| Genitive | *dobrъjixъ | *dobrъjixъ | *dobrъjixъ |
| Locative | *dobryjixъ | *dobryjixъ | *dobryjixъ |
| Dative | *dobryjimъ | *dobryjimъ | *dobryjimъ |
| Instrumental | *dobryjimi | *dobryjimi | *dobryjimi |
| Vocative | *dobriji | *dobryję | *dobraja |
Derived terms
- *dobrovati (“to become better”)
- *dobriti (“to do well”)
- *podobriti (“to improve, to do better”)
- *odobriti (“to approve”)
- *dobrostь (“virtue”)
- *dobrota (“goodness, kindness”)
- *dobrina (“goodness, benevolence”)
- *dobryni (“excellence, welfare”)
- *dobrьcь (“measles”)
- *dobriťь (“good person”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: добръ (dobrŭ)
- Old Ruthenian: до́брый (dóbryj)
- Belarusian: до́бры (dóbry)
- Rusyn: до́брый (dóbrŷj)
- Ukrainian: до́брий (dóbryj)
- Russian: до́брый (dóbryj)
- Old Ruthenian: до́брый (dóbryj)
- Old Novgorodian:
- Cyrillic: Old Novgorodian: добръ (dobrŭ)[3][4][5][6][7][8]
- Glagolitic: Old Novgorodian: ⰴⱁⰱⱃⱏ (dobrŭ)
- Old East Slavic: добръ (dobrŭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: добръ (dobrŭ)
- Glagolitic: ⰴⱁⰱⱃⱏ (dobrŭ)
- Bulgarian: добъ́р (dobǎ́r)
- Macedonian: добар (dobar)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: до̏бар
- Latin: dȍbar
- Slovene: dọ́bər (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Kashubian: dobri
- Old Czech: dobrý
- Czech: dobrý
- Bohemian (Chod dialect): dobryj
- Moravian (Mistřice): dobrí
- Czech: dobrý
- Polabian: dübrĕ
- Polish: dobry
- Silesian: dobry
- Slovak: dobrý
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: dobry
- Upper Sorbian: dobry
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dobrъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 45
- https://slovari.yandex.ru/~книги/Этимологический%20словарь/Добрый/
- Cheung, Derksen (accessed 2009), “Proto-Slavic form: dobrú”, in Indo-European Etymological Dictionary, Brill Academic Publishers
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*dobrъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 110: “adj. o ‘good’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “dobrъ dobra dobro”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 123; (PR 135); PR 136)”
- “доброго (document № 271)”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты [Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus] (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2023
- “добрꙑ (document № 358)”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты [Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus] (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2023
- “доброю (document № 227)”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты [Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus] (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2023
- “добръ (document № 69)”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты [Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus] (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2023
- “добръ (document № 314)”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты [Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus] (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2023
- “добрь (document № 351)”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты [Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus] (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2023