< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/darъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dāˀra, from an earlier *dāˀran, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃rom (“gift”), from the root *deh₃- (“to give”), turning masculine by Illič-Svityč's rule.
Direct cognates are Ancient Greek δῶρον (dôron, “gift”), Old Armenian տուր (tur). Indirect cognates (with the suffix -no) are Latin dōnum (“gift”), Sanskrit दान (dāná, “gift”).
Reconstruction
Vasmer and Derksen assume an original v-stem, but ESSJa claims that the forms with -ov- are secondary. Sławski claims that the evidence in inconclusive, and the history of the word as well as the derivatives indicate a coexistence of a v-stem.
Noun
*dȃrъ m[1][2][3]
- gift (given to another)
- *darъmь/*daromь ― for free
- *dati darъmь/*daromь ― to give for free
- *vъ darъ dati ― to give as a gift
- *božьjь darъ ― something sent by God
- (figuratively) talent, gift (ability)
- (in the plural) ceremonial gifts offered to the bride and groom during a wedding or exchanged during the wedding between the closest relatives and newlyweds
Inflection
Declension of *dȃrъ (u-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *dȃrъ | *dȃry | *dȃrove |
| Accusative | *dȃrъ | *dȃry | *dȃry |
| Genitive | *dȃru | *darovù | *daròvъ |
| Locative | *darú | *darovù | *dȃrъxъ |
| Dative | *dȃrovi | *darъmà | *dȃrъmъ |
| Instrumental | *dȃrъmь | *darъmà | *darъmì |
| Vocative | *daru | *dȃry | *dȃrove |
Derived terms
- *dariti
- *darovati
- *darovitъ
- *darovъ
- *darovьinъ
- *darъkъ
- *darьba
- *darьje
- *darьmo
- *darьnъ
Related terms
- *dati (“to give”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: даръ (darŭ)
- Belarusian: дар (dar)
- Russian: дар (dar)
- Ukrainian: дар (dar)
- Old East Slavic: даръ (darŭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: даръ (darŭ)
- Glagolitic: ⰴⰰⱃⱏ (darŭ)
- Bulgarian: дар (dar)
- Macedonian: дар (dar)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: да̑р
- Latin: dȃr
- Slovene: dȃr (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: dar
- Czech: dar
- Kashubian: dôr
- Polish: dar
- Slovak: dar
- Slovincian: dǻr
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: dar
- Upper Sorbian: dar
- Old Czech: dar
- Non-Slavic:
- → Albanian: dari, darit, daris
- → Romanian: dar
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “дар”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*darъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 191
- Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1976), “*darъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 2 (caca – davьnota), Wrocław: National Ossoliński Institute, page 346
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*dȃrъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 96: “m. u (c) ‘gift’”
- Kapović, Mate (2007), “The Development of Proto-Slavic Quantity”, in Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch, University of Vienna, page 7: “*dȃrъ”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “darъ daru”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (NA 137; PR 137; RPT 102)”