< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bъrzъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *burźus. Most likely an archaic u-stem adjective, continuing Proto-Indo-European *br̥ǵʰús from Proto-Indo-European *mreǵʰ- (“short, brief”). Cognate with Lithuanian burzdùs (“swift, quick”), Ancient Greek βραχύς (brakhús, “short”), Latin brevis (“brief”) and related to Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥ȷ́ʰúš (“short”), Proto-Germanic *murguz (“merry, leisure”).
Adjective
*bъ̑rzъ[1][2]
- fast, swift
Alternative forms
- *bъrzъkъ (extended with Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ)
- *bъrgъ (in East South Slavic)
- *bъrzdъ
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *bъrzъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *bъrzъ | *bъrza | *bъrzo |
| Accusative | *bъrzъ | *bъrzǫ | *bъrzo |
| Genitive | *bъrza | *bъrzy | *bъrza |
| Locative | *bъrzě | *bъrzě | *bъrzě |
| Dative | *bъrzu | *bъrzě | *bъrzu |
| Instrumental | *bъrzomь | *bъrzojǫ | *bъrzomь |
| Vocative | *bъrze | *bъrzo | *bъrzo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *bъrza | *bъrzě | *bъrzě |
| Accusative | *bъrza | *bъrzě | *bъrzě |
| Genitive | *bъrzu | *bъrzu | *bъrzu |
| Locative | *bъrzu | *bъrzu | *bъrzu |
| Dative | *bъrzoma | *bъrzama | *bъrzoma |
| Instrumental | *bъrzoma | *bъrzama | *bъrzoma |
| Vocative | *bъrza | *bъrzě | *bъrzě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *bъrzi | *bъrzy | *bъrza |
| Accusative | *bъrzy | *bъrzy | *bъrza |
| Genitive | *bъrzъ | *bъrzъ | *bъrzъ |
| Locative | *bъrzěxъ | *bъrzaxъ | *bъrzěxъ |
| Dative | *bъrzomъ | *bъrzamъ | *bъrzomъ |
| Instrumental | *bъrzy | *bъrzami | *bъrzy |
| Vocative | *bъrzi | *bъrzy | *bъrza |
Definite declension of *bъrzъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *bъrzъjь | *bъrzaja | *bъrzoje |
| Accusative | *bъrzъjь | *bъrzǫjǫ | *bъrzoje |
| Genitive | *bъrzajego | *bъrzyję | *bъrzajego |
| Locative | *bъrzějemь | *bъrzěji | *bъrzějemь |
| Dative | *bъrzujemu | *bъrzěji | *bъrzujemu |
| Instrumental | *bъrzyjimi | *bъrzǫjǫ | *bъrzyjimi |
| Vocative | *bъrzъjь | *bъrzaja | *bъrzoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *bъrzaja | *bъrzěji | *bъrzěji |
| Accusative | *bъrzaja | *bъrzěji | *bъrzěji |
| Genitive | *bъrzuju | *bъrzuju | *bъrzuju |
| Locative | *bъrzuju | *bъrzuju | *bъrzuju |
| Dative | *bъrzyjima | *bъrzyjima | *bъrzyjima |
| Instrumental | *bъrzyjima | *bъrzyjima | *bъrzyjima |
| Vocative | *bъrzaja | *bъrzěji | *bъrzěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *bъrziji | *bъrzyję | *bъrzaja |
| Accusative | *bъrzyję | *bъrzyję | *bъrzaja |
| Genitive | *bъrzъjixъ | *bъrzъjixъ | *bъrzъjixъ |
| Locative | *bъrzyjixъ | *bъrzyjixъ | *bъrzyjixъ |
| Dative | *bъrzyjimъ | *bъrzyjimъ | *bъrzyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *bъrzyjimi | *bъrzyjimi | *bъrzyjimi |
| Vocative | *bъrziji | *bъrzyję | *bъrzaja |
Derived terms
- *bъrzьnъ (“quick”)
- *bъrzina, *bъrzostь, *bъrzota (“fastness, swiftness”)
- *bъrzati (“to hurry”)
- *bъrzěti (“to be in a hurry”)
- *bъrzějь (“fast stream”)
- *bъrziti (“to accelerate”)
- *bъrzačь, *bъrzьcь (“fast one, speedster”)
- *bъrzica, *bъrzdica (“fast stream, brook”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: бързъ (bŭrzŭ)
- Old Ruthenian: бо́рзый (bórzyj), бо́рздый (bórzdyj)
- Belarusian: бо́рзды (bórzdy)
- Ukrainian: бо́рзий (bórzyj)
- Russian: бо́рзый (bórzyj), борзо́й (borzój)
- Old Ruthenian: бо́рзый (bórzyj), бо́рздый (bórzdyj)
- Old Novgorodian: борзꙑи (borzyj)
- Old East Slavic: бързъ (bŭrzŭ)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: бърз (bǎrz), бръз (brǎz) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: брз (brz)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: бр̑з
- Latin: bȓz
- Chakavian (Vrgada): bȑz
- Slovene: brz
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: brzý
- Czech: brzy
- Old Polish: barzy
- ⇒ Old Polish: barzo
- Polish: bardzo
- ⇒ Old Polish: barzo
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: bórzy
- Old Czech: brzý
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “борзо́й”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*bъrzъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 137
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “бърз”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 102
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bъ̑rzъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 70: “adj. o (c) ‘fast’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “bъrzъ bъrza bъrzo”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c hurtig (PR 138)”