< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/běditi
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Presumably from *běda (“trouble, calamity”) + *-iti, with some of the meanings possibly from an alternative origin. Trubachev considers a convergence of proper *běditi (“to defeat, to compel”) from *běda and secondary *bisti/*biditi → *běditi (“to persuade, to exhort”) ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydʰeti (“to persuade”) (attested in Ancient Greek πείθω (peíthō, “to convice, to pursuade”)).
Considered in the past (by Hirt, Meillet) a borrowing from Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (baidjan, “to compel”), but per Vasmer more likely just a cognate.
Verb
*bě̄dìti impf[1][2]
- to defeat, to bring calamity
- to compel, to coerce, to make to oblige
- Synonym: *prinuditi
- to persuade, to exhort, to talk someone into (in South Slavic) (possibly a separate verb)
- Synonym: *sъvěťati
- to accuse, to slander, to badmouth (in South Slavic) (possibly a separate verb)
- Synonyms: *klevetiti, *zъlosloviti
Inflection
Conjugation of *běditi, *bědi, *běditь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *běďenьje | *běditi | *běditъ | *bědilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *běďenъ | *bědimъ |
| Active | *běďь | *bědę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *bědixъ | *bědi | *bědi | *běďǫ | *bědiši | *běditь |
| Dual | *bědixově | *bědista | *bědiste | *bědivě | *bědita | *bědite |
| Plural | *bědixomъ | *bědiste | *bědišę | *bědimъ | *bědite | *bědętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *běďaaxъ | *běďaaše | *běďaaše | — | *bědi | *bědi |
| Dual | *běďaaxově | *běďaašeta | *běďaašete | *bědivě | *bědita | — |
| Plural | *běďaaxomъ | *běďaašete | *běďaaxǫ | *bědimъ | *bědite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*bědivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Derived terms
- *naběditi pf, *naběděvati/*naběďavati impf (“to defame, to slender, to calumniate”)
- *poběditi pf, *poěďavati impf (“to defeat”)
- *uběditi pf, *uběďavati impf (“to convince, to persuade”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Russian: беди́ть (bedítʹ)
- Ukrainian: біди́ти (bidýty, “to cuss”)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: бѣдити (běditi, “to persuade, to force”)
- Bulgarian: бедя́ (bedjá, “to accuse, to slander; to persuade, to exhort”)
- Macedonian: беди (bedi, “to slander”)
- Serbo-Croatian: bijèditi
- West Slavic:
- Czech: bídit, bědit
- Old Polish: biedzić
- Polish: biedzić (“to trouble smb or oneself”)
- Slovak: biediť
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “бедить”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*běditi”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 56
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “бедя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 39
- бідити in Горох.ua (Етимологія)
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bě̄dìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 39: “v. (b)”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “bědjǫ -iti”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c sejre (PR 139)”