Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bratrъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *brā́ˀtē, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.

Noun

*bràtrъ or *bràtъ m[1][2][3]

brother

Declension

Declension of *bràtrъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*bràtrъ	*bràtra	*bràtri
Accusative	*bràtrъ	*bràtra	*bràtry
Genitive	*bràtra	*bràtru	*bràtrъ
Locative	*bràtrě	*bràtru	*bràtrě̄xъ
Dative	*bràtru	*bràtroma	*bràtromъ
Instrumental	bràtrъmь, bràtromь^*	*bràtroma	*bràtrȳ
Vocative	*bràtre	*bràtra	*bràtri

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

sěmьja, rodina (“family”)	Male	Female
parent	otъ, otьcь (“father”) nursery: *tata	mati (“mother”) nursery:* *mama
sibling	*bratrъ (“brother”)	*sestra (“sister”)
child	*synъ (“son”)	*dъťi (“daughter”)
grandparent	– (“grandfather”) nursery: dědъ; nana	ova (“grandmother”) nursery:* baba; nena
grandchild	*vъnukъ (“grandson”)	*vъnuka (“granddaughter”)
stepparent	*otьčimъ (“stepfather”)	*maťexa (“stepmother”)
stepchild	*pastorъkъ (“stepson”)	*pastorъka (“stepdaughter”)
father's sibling	strъjь (“paternal uncle”) nursery:* dada; lola	– (“paternal aunt”) nursery: teta; lelja
mother's sibling	ujь (“maternal uncle”) nursery:* dada; lola	– (“maternal aunt”) nursery: teta; lelja
sibling's child	*netьjь (“nephew”)	*nestera (“niece”)
spouse	*mǫžь (“husband”)	*žena (“wife”)
parent of wife	*tьstь (“father-in-law (wife's father)”)	*tьšča (“mother-in-law (wife's mother)”)
parent of husband	*svekrъ (“father-in-law (husband's father)”)	*svekry (“mother-in-law (husband's father)”)
sibling of wife	*šurь (“brother-in-law (wife's brother)”)	svěstь, svьstь (“sister-in-law (wife's sister)”)
sibling of husband	*děverь (“brother-in-law (husband's brother)”)	*zъly (“sister-in-law (husband's sister)”)
spouse of child	*zętь (“son-in-law (daughter's husband)”)	*snъxa (“daughter-in-law (son's wife)”)
spouse of husband's brother	–	*ętry (“sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)”)

Derived terms

*bràtrьja, *bràtьja (“brothers (collectively)”)
*bràtьcь (“brother”)
*bràtьskъ (“brotherly”)
*bràtrьstvo (“brotherhood, fraternity”)
*bràtriti (“to fraternise”)
*bràtinъ (“brother”)
*bràtrina, *bràtina (“fraternity”)

Descendants

East Slavic
- Old East Slavic: братъ (bratŭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: братъ (brat)
    - Belarusian: брат (brat)
    - Rusyn: брат (brat)
    - Ukrainian: брат (brat)
  - Russian: брат (brat) (see there for further descendants)
South Slavic
- Macedonian: брат (brat)
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic: братръ (bratrŭ), братъ (bratŭ)
  Glagolitic: ⰱⱃⰰⱅⱃⱏ (bratrŭ)
  - Bulgarian: брат (brat)
- Serbo-Croatian
  Cyrillic: бра̏т
  Latin: brȁt
- Slovene: brȁt (tonal orthography)
West Slavic
- Czech: bratr
- Lechitic
  - Polabian: brot
  - Old Polish: brat
    - Polish: brat
  - Pomeranian:
    - Kashubian: brat, bratr
    - Slovincian: brãt
  - Silesian: brat
- Slovak: brat
- Sorbian
  - Lower Sorbian: bratš
  - Upper Sorbian: bratr

Non-Slavic

→ Hungarian: barát
- → Romanian: bărat
→ Romanian: brat

References

Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bràtrъ; *bràtъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 60: “m. o (a) ‘brother’”
Olander, Thomas (2001), “bratrъ bratra”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a brother (NA 133; SA 24, 69, 146f., 158, 171; PR 131; MP 23, 26; RPT 99, 101)”
Kapović, Mate (2007), “The Development of Proto-Slavic Quantity”, in Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch‎, University of Vienna, page 5: “*bra̋t(r)ъ”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bràtrъ; *bràtъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 60: “m. o (a) ‘brother’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001), “bratrъ bratra”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a brother (NA 133; SA 24, 69, 146f., 158, 171; PR 131; MP 23, 26; RPT 99, 101)”

[3] Kapović, Mate (2007), “The Development of Proto-Slavic Quantity”, in Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch‎, University of Vienna, page 5: “*bra̋t(r)ъ”