< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bolěti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative forms
- *boljěti (Trubachev (ESSJa))
Etymology
- Derksen: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰel(H)-; cognate with Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (balwjan, “to martyr”), Old Norse bǫlva (“to curse”), Old Irish bealaim (“to die”). Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₂w- (Ancient Greek φλαῦρος (phlaûros, “bad, inferior”), Old Norse blauðr (“timid”)) alongside *bʰelh₂-.
- Trubachev (ESSJa): Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bel- (“strong”) by taboo replacement; cognate with Sanskrit बल (bálaṃ, “strength, power”), Ancient Greek βελτίων (beltíōn, “better”), Russian большо́й (bolʹšój, “big, great”).
Verb
*bolě̀ti impf[1][2]
- to ache
Inflection
Conjugation of *bolěti, *bolě, *bolitь (impf., intr., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-ěti
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *bolěnьje | *bolěti | *bolětъ | *bolělъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | — | — |
| Active | *bolěvъ | *bolę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *bolěxъ | *bolě | *bolě | *boľǫ | *boliši | *bolitь |
| Dual | *bolěxově | *bolěsta | *bolěste | *bolivě | *bolita | *bolite |
| Plural | *bolěxomъ | *bolěste | *bolěšę | *bolimъ | *bolite | *bolętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *bolěaxъ | *bolěaše | *bolěaše | — | *boli | *boli |
| Dual | *bolěaxově | *bolěašeta | *bolěašete | *bolivě | *bolita | — |
| Plural | *bolěaxomъ | *bolěašete | *bolěaxǫ | *bolimъ | *bolite | — |
Derived terms
- *bȏlь (“pain”)
- *bolěžьka
- *bolěznь
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: болѣти (bolěti)
- Old Belarusian: болѣти (bolěti)
- Belarusian: бале́ць (baljécʹ)
- Russian: боле́ть (bolétʹ)
- Ukrainian: болі́ти (bolíty)
- Old Belarusian: болѣти (bolěti)
- Old East Slavic: болѣти (bolěti)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: болѣти (bolěti)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
- → Romanian: a boli
- Bulgarian: боли́ (bolí), боля́ (boljá, “to be ill”)
- Macedonian: боли (boli)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: бо̀љети
- Latin: bòljeti
- Chakavian (Vrgada): bolȉti
- Chakavian (Orbanići): bolȅt
- Slovene: bolẹ́ti (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: bolěti
- Czech: bolet
- Bohemian (Chod dialect): bolít
- Czech: bolet
- Polabian: bülĕ (3sg.)
- Polish: boleć
- Slovak: bolieť
- Slovincian: bʉ̀ɵ̯lĕc
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: boleć
- Lower Sorbian: bóleś
- Old Czech: bolěti
- Non-slavic:
- Romanian: boli
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*bolěti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 187
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bolě̀ti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 51: “v. (c) ‘ache’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “bolěti: boljǫ bolitь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c gøre ondt (PR 139)”