< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bolgъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Compare the noun *bolgo (“good, well-being”), both possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to shine”).[1]
Adjective
*bȏlgъ[2][3]
- good
- nice
Inflection
Accent paradigm c.
Indefinite declension of *bolgъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *bȏlgъ | *bȏlga | *bȏlgo |
| Accusative | *bȏlgъ | *bȏlgǫ | *bȏlgo |
| Genitive | *bȏlga | *bȏlgy | *bȏlga |
| Locative | *bȏldzě | *bȏldzě | *bȏldzě |
| Dative | *bȏlgu | *bȏldzě | *bȏlgu |
| Instrumental | *bȏlgomь | *bȏlgojǫ | *bȏlgomь |
| Vocative | *bȏlže | *bȏlgo | *bȏlgo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *bȏlga | *bȏldzě | *bȏldzě |
| Accusative | *bȏlga | *bȏldzě | *bȏldzě |
| Genitive | *bȏlgu | *bȏlgu | *bȏlgu |
| Locative | *bȏlgu | *bȏlgu | *bȏlgu |
| Dative | *bȏlgoma | *bȏlgama | *bȏlgoma |
| Instrumental | *bȏlgoma | *bȏlgama | *bȏlgoma |
| Vocative | *bȏlga | *bȏldzě | *bȏldzě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *bȏldzi | *bȏlgy | *bȏlga |
| Accusative | *bȏlgy | *bȏlgy | *bȏlga |
| Genitive | *bȏlgъ | *bȏlgъ | *bȏlgъ |
| Locative | *bȏldzěxъ | *bȏlgaxъ | *bȏldzěxъ |
| Dative | *bȏlgomъ | *bȏlgamъ | *bȏlgomъ |
| Instrumental | *bȏlgy | *bȏlgami | *bȏlgy |
| Vocative | *bȏldzi | *bȏlgy | *bȏlga |
Definite declension of *bolgъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *bȏlgъjь | *bȏlgaja | *bȏlgoje |
| Accusative | *bȏlgъjь | *bȏlgǫjǫ | *bȏlgoje |
| Genitive | *bȏlgajego | *bȏlgyję | *bȏlgajego |
| Locative | *bȏldzějemь | *bȏldzěji | *bȏldzějemь |
| Dative | *bȏlgujemu | *bȏldzěji | *bȏlgujemu |
| Instrumental | *bȏlgyjimi | *bȏlgǫjǫ | *bȏlgyjimi |
| Vocative | *bȏlgъjь | *bȏlgaja | *bȏlgoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *bȏlgaja | *bȏldzěji | *bȏldzěji |
| Accusative | *bȏlgaja | *bȏldzěji | *bȏldzěji |
| Genitive | *bȏlguju | *bȏlguju | *bȏlguju |
| Locative | *bȏlguju | *bȏlguju | *bȏlguju |
| Dative | *bȏlgyjima | *bȏlgyjima | *bȏlgyjima |
| Instrumental | *bȏlgyjima | *bȏlgyjima | *bȏlgyjima |
| Vocative | *bȏlgaja | *bȏldzěji | *bȏldzěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *bȏldziji | *bȏlgyję | *bȏlgaja |
| Accusative | *bȏlgyję | *bȏlgyję | *bȏlgaja |
| Genitive | *bȏlgъjixъ | *bȏlgъjixъ | *bȏlgъjixъ |
| Locative | *bȏlgyjixъ | *bȏlgyjixъ | *bȏlgyjixъ |
| Dative | *bȏlgyjimъ | *bȏlgyjimъ | *bȏlgyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *bȏlgyjimi | *bȏlgyjimi | *bȏlgyjimi |
| Vocative | *bȏldziji | *bȏlgyję | *bȏlgaja |
Related terms
- *bolgo
- *bolžiti
- *bolgyni (“prosperity, welfare”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: бологъ (bologŭ)
- Old Belarusian: бологий (bolohij)
- Old East Slavic: бологъ (bologŭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: благъ (blagŭ)
- → Belarusian: благі́ (blahí)
- → Polish: błahy
- → Lithuanian: blogas
- → Russian: благой (blagoj)
- → Ukrainian: благий (blahyj)
- → Belarusian: благі́ (blahí)
- Bulgarian: благ (blag)
- Macedonian: благ (blag)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: бла̑г
- Latin: blȃg
- Slovene: blȃg (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic: благъ (blagŭ)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: blahý
- Czech: blahý
- Polish: błogi
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: błogi
- Old Czech: blahý
References
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 124-25
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bȏlgъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 51: “adj. o (c) ‘good’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “bolgъ bolga bolgo”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 109, 111, 122; PR 138)”