< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bičati
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Denominal from *bičь (“lash”) + *-ěti. In modern descendants, inchoative variant in *-ovati is more widely attested.
Onomatopoeic semantics is attested as secondary meaning of Slovene bīčati (“to squeak, to tweet”), Bulgarian би́цам (bícam, “to make noise with one's cheeks”).
Verb
*bičati impf
- to scourge, to jab
- Synonym: *šibati
Alternative forms
- *bičevati (inchoative)
- *bikati, *bicati (a-conj., possibly)
- >? Bulgarian: би́цам (bícam, “to poke”)
Conjugation
Conjugation of *bičati (impf., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ěti
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *bičanьje | *bičati | *bičatъ | *bičalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *bičanъ | *bičimъ |
| Active | *bičavъ | *bičę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *bičaxъ | *biča | *biča | *bičǫ | *bičiši | *bičitь |
| Dual | *bičaxově | *bičasta | *bičaste | *bičivě | *bičita | *bičite |
| Plural | *bičaxomъ | *bičaste | *bičašę | *bičimъ | *bičite | *bičętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *bičaaxъ | *bičaaše | *bičaaše | — | *biči | *biči |
| Dual | *bičaaxově | *bičaašeta | *bičaašete | *bičivě | *bičita | — |
| Plural | *bičaaxomъ | *bičaašete | *bičaaxǫ | *bičimъ | *bičite | — |
Conjugation of *bičati (impf., -ě-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ěti
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *bičanьje | *bičati | *bičatъ | *bičalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *bičanъ | *bičajemъ |
| Active | *bičavъ | *bičaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *bičaxъ | *biča | *biča | *bičajǫ | *bičaješi | *bičajetь |
| Dual | *bičaxově | *bičasta | *bičaste | *bičajevě | *bičajeta | *bičajete |
| Plural | *bičaxomъ | *bičaste | *bičašę | *bičajemъ | *bičajete | *bičajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *bičaaxъ | *bičaaše | *bičaaše | — | *bičaji | *bičaji |
| Dual | *bičaaxově | *bičaašeta | *bičaašete | *bičajivě | *bičajita | — |
| Plural | *bičaaxomъ | *bičaašete | *bičaaxǫ | *bičajimъ | *bičajite | — |
Related terms
- *biti (“to beat”)
Descendants
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: би́ча (bíča, “to jab”) (dialectal, possibly)
- Serbo-Croatian: (obsolete, superceded by бичевати, bičevati)
- Cyrillic: би̏чати
- Latin: bȉčati[1]
- Slovene: bīčati (“to scourge”)[2]
References
- “Proto-Slavic/bičati” in Hrvatski jezični portal
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “bīčati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar, Ljubljana: Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, →ISBN