< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bitva
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bī́ˀtwāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰih₂-tweh₂, from *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike, hew”) + *-tweh₂. Equivalent to *biti + *-tva.
Noun
*bìtva f[1][2]
- battle, fight
- Synonyms: *bõjь, *bitъka, *bitьje
Inflection
Declension of *bìtva (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *bìtva | *bìtvě | *bìtvy |
| Accusative | *bìtvǫ | *bìtvě | *bìtvy |
| Genitive | *bìtvy | *bìtvu | *bìtvъ |
| Locative | *bìtvě | *bìtvu | *bìtvasъ, *bìtvaxъ* |
| Dative | *bìtvě | *bìtvama | *bìtvamъ |
| Instrumental | *bìtvojǫ, *bìtvǭ** | *bìtvama | *bìtvamī |
| Vocative | *bìtvo | *bìtvě | *bìtvy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old Belarusian: битва (bitva)
- Belarusian: бітва (bitva)
- Russian: би́тва (bítva)
- Ukrainian: би́тва (býtva)
- Old Belarusian: битва (bitva)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: битва (bitva)
- Slovene: bitva
- West Slavic:
- Czech: bitva
- Old Polish: bitwa
- Polish: bitwa
- Silesian: bitwŏ
- Slovak: bitva
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “би́тва”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bìtva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 42: “f. ā (a) ‘battle, fight’”
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 64