Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/biti

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/biti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bī́ˀtei.

Verb

*bìti impf[1][2]

1. to beat

Inflection

Conjugation of *biti, *bi(tъ), *bьjetь (impf., -V-, t-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*bitьje	*biti	*bitъ	*bilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*bitъ	*bьjemъ
Active	*bivъ	*bьję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*bixъ	*bi(tъ)	*bi(tъ)	*bьjǫ	*bьješi	*bьjetь
Dual	*bixově	*bista	*biste	*bьjevě	*bьjeta	*bьjete
Plural	*bixomъ	*biste	*bišę	*bьjemъ	*bьjete	*bьjǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*bьjaaxъ	*bьjaaše	*bьjaaše	—	*bьji	*bьji
Dual	*bьjaaxově	*bьjaašeta	*bьjaašete	*bьjivě	*bьjita	—
Plural	*bьjaaxomъ	*bьjaašete	*bьjaaxǫ	*bьjimъ	*bьjite	—

Derived terms

• *bivati
• *ubiti
• *bičь (“whip, lash”)
  • *običь
• *bidlo
  • *bidlьce
    • *nabidlci, *nabidlьca
  • *bidlьnъ / *bidlьna
    • *nabidlьnica
  • *nabidlo
  • *nabidlъka
• *bijakъ
• *bijьca / *bijьcь
• *biteljь
• *bitva (“battle, fight”)
• *bitъ
• *bitati (“to manage, to handle a device”)
• *bitъka
• *bitьcь
• *bitьje
• *bitьnъ
• *Bivojь
• *bivьcь / *bivьca

• *nabiti
  • *nabijati
    • *nabivati
  • *nabojь
    • *nabojina
    • *nabojьnъ
  • *nabojьka
• *obiti
  • *obijati
    • *obijačь
    • *obijakъ
  • *obitъkъ, *obitъka
  • *obitьje
  • *obivati
  • *obojь
    • *obojьkъ, *obojьka

• *orzbiti
  • *orzbijati
  • *orzbitina
  • *orzbitъkъ
  • *orzbitьje
  • *orzbitьnъ
  • *orzbivati
  • *orzbojь
    • *orzbojьca / *orzbojьcь
    • *orzbojьnъ
      • *orzbojьnikъ / *orzbojьnica
        • *orzbojьničь
    • *orzbojьšče
    • *orzbojьskъ
    • *orzbojьstvo

• *otъbiti
  • *otъbijati
  • *otъbitъkъ / *otъbitъka
  • *otъbitьje
  • *otъbivati
    • *otъbivъ
      • *otъbivъka / *otъbivъkъ
    • *otъbivьnъ
  • *otъbojь
    • *otъbojina
    • *otъbojьka
    • *otъbojьnъ
      • *otъbojьnica
      • *otъbojьnikъ
• *zabiti
  • *zabijati
• *perbiti

Related terms

• *bojь (“battle, fight”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: бити (biti)
    • Old Ruthenian: бити (biti)
      • Belarusian: біць (bicʹ)
      • Ukrainian: би́ти (býty)
    • Russian: бить (bitʹ)
  • Old Novgorodian: бити (biti)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: бити (biti)

    Glagolitic: ⰱⰻⱅⰻ (biti)

  • Bulgarian: би́я (bíja)
  • Macedonian: бие (bie)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: би̏ти

    Latin: bȉti

  • Slovene: bíti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: bíti
    • Czech: bít
    • Moravian (Mistřice): bit
  • Kashubian: bic
  • Polabian: bai̯t
  • Old Polish: bić
    • Polish: bić
  • Slovak: biť
  • Slovincian: bjĩc
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: bić
    • Lower Sorbian: biś

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “бить”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*biti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 99

References

1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 41: “v. (a) ‘beat’”
2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “bijǫ -ti”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 204, 212f., 246; MP 23, 27); b (PR 136)”