Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bez

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bez

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Continues Proto-Balto-Slavic *beź, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰe (instrumental particle) + Proto-Indo-European *-ǵʰs (“out”). Cognate with Lithuanian bè, Latvian bez, Old Prussian bhe, and likely Sanskrit बहिस् (bahís, “outside”). The first element is probably the same as that in Proto-Slavic *bo (“for”), Lithuanian bà (“really”), Ancient Greek φή (phḗ, “like, as”)[1], Avestan 𐬠𐬁‎ (bā, “indeed”).

Preposition

*bez[2][3]

1. (with genitive) without

   Antonyms: *sъ(n), *ba

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: безъ (bezŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: безъ (bez)
      • Belarusian: без (bjez)
      • Rusyn: без (bez)
      • Ukrainian: без (bez)
    • Russian: без (bez)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic: без (bez)

    Glagolitic: ⰱⰵⰸ (bez)

  • Bulgarian: без (bez)
  • Macedonian: без (bez)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: бѐз

    Latin: bèz

  • Slovene: brez (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: bez
    • Czech: bez
      • Bohemian (Chod dialect): bez
  • Kashubian: bez
  • Old Polish: bez
    • Polish: bez
  • Slovak: bez
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: bjez
    • Lower Sorbian: bźez

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*bez”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 7
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “без”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress

References

1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “φή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1565
2. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bez(ъ)”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 38: “prep. ‘without’”
3. Olander, Thomas (2001), “bez”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “(prep. and prefix) (PR 146)”