< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bermę
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bérˀmin, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérHmn̥. Cognate with Sanskrit भरीमन् (bhárīman, “nourishment, subsistence”) and parallel to Ancient Greek φέρμα (phérma, “fetus, fruit in the womb”), Sanskrit भर्मन् (bhárman, “support, preservation”) (without -H-).
Noun
*bèrmę or *bȇrmę n[1][2][3][4]
- load, burden
- Synonyms: *tęglo, *tęgostь, *noša
Inflection
Declension of *bèrmę (n-stem, accent paradigm a)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *bèrmę | *bèrmeni | *bèrmenā |
| Accusative | *bèrmę | *bèrmeni | *bèrmenā |
| Genitive | *bèrmene | *bèrmenu | *bèrmenъ |
| Locative | *bèrmene | *bèrmenu | *bèrmenьxъ |
| Dative | *bèrmeni | *bèrmenьma | *bèrmenьmъ |
| Instrumental | *bèrmenьmь | *bèrmenьma | *bèrmenȳ |
| Vocative | *bèrmę | *bèrmeni | *bèrmenā |
Declension of *bȇrmę (n-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *bȇrmę | *bȇrmeni | *bermenà |
| Accusative | *bȇrmę | *bȇrmeni | *bermenà |
| Genitive | *bȇrmene | *bermenù | *bermènъ |
| Locative | *bȇrmene | *bermenù | *bermènьxъ |
| Dative | *bȇrmeni | *bermenьmà | *bermènьmъ |
| Instrumental | *bȇrmenьmь | *bermenьmà | *bermený |
| Vocative | *bȇrmę | *bȇrmeni | *bermenà |
Derived terms
- *bermenьnъ (“pregnant”)
Related terms
- *bermo (“cargo”)
- *berďь (“pregnant”)
- *bernъ (“newborn”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: беремѧ (beremę)
- Belarusian: бярэ́мя (bjarémja)
- Russian: бере́мя (berémja) (dialectal)
- Ukrainian: беремя (beremja)
- Old East Slavic: беремѧ (beremę)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: брѣмѧ (brěmę)
- Bulgarian: бре́ме (bréme)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: бреме, бриме, бримен
- Latin: breme, brime, bremen
- → Russian: бре́мя (brémja)
- Macedonian: бреме (breme)
- Slovene: bréme (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic: брѣмѧ (brěmę)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: břiemě
- Czech: břímě, břemeno
- Polish: brzemię
- Slovak: bremeno, bremä (archaic)
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: brěmje
- Upper Sorbian: brěmjo
- Old Czech: břiemě
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “беремя”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*bermę”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 196
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “бреме”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 77
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bèrmę”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37: “n. n (a) ‘load, burden’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “bermę -ene”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a byrde (NA 133, 143; SA 24; PR 132)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “breme”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *be̋rmę, rod. *-ene”
- Nikolajev, S. L. (2012), “Vostočnoslavjanskije refleksy akcentnoj paradigmy d i indojevropejskije sootvetstvija slavjanskim akcentnym tipam suščestvitelʹnyx mužskovo roda s o- i u-osnovami*”, in Karpato-balkanskij dialektnyj landšaft: Jazyk i kulʹtura (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Institute for Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 39: “*be̋rmę, *bȇrmę”