< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ařь
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Gothic -𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (-āreis), from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz or from Latin -ārius. Proto-Slavic borrowed from Gothic both the derivations (e.g. *mytařь (“tax collector”) and *bukařь (“scribe, literate man”)) and their base forms (*myto (“payment, gift”) and *buky (“beech; record; document”) which enabled synchronic morphological segmentation of the borrowed denominals and finally an analogical generalization of the *-ařь suffix for forming other denominal nouns with agentive meaning, on the basis of non-borrowed nominal stems (e.g. *kľučařь on the basis of *kľučь, *zidařь on the basis of *zidъ).
Suffix
*-ařь m
- -er; derives agent nouns, signifying someone who is connected to something, often by trade or profession.
- Denominal:
- *myto + *-ařь → *mytařь
- *buky + *-ařь → *bukařь
- *ryba + *-ařь → *rybařь
- *kľučь + *-ařь → *kľučařь
- Deverbal (from the present stem):
- *voldti → *volsti + *-ařь → *voldařь
- Denominal:
Declension
Declension of *-ařь (soft o-stem)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *-ařь | *-ařa | *-aři |
Accusative | *-ařь | *-ařa | *-ařę̇ |
Genitive | *-ařa | *-ařu | *-ařь |
Locative | *-aři | *-ařu | *-ařixъ |
Dative | *-ařu | *-ařema | *-ařemъ |
Instrumental | *-ařьmь, *-ařemь* | *-ařema | *-aři |
Vocative | *-ařu | *-ařa | *-aři |
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ařь
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: -ар (-ar)
- Russian: -арь (-arʹ)
- Ukrainian: -ар (-ar)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: -арь (-arĭ)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: -ар (-ar)
- Macedonian: -ар (-ar)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: -ар
- Latin: -ar
- Slovene: -ar
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: -ář
- Kashubian: -ôrz
- Polabian: -ăr
- Polish: -arz
- Slovak: -ár
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: -aŕ
Further reading
- Šekli, Matej (2012), “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies (in Slovene), volume 10, issue 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32