< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/azь
Proto-Slavic
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*аzь (Leuciscus idus)
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *āˀźis (“goat”), cognate with Lithuanian ožỹs (“billy-goat”), Latvian āzis (“buck”). Further akin to Proto-Indo-Iranian *Haȷ́ás (“goat”). Probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- or *h₂eyǵ- (“goat”) (whence Ancient Greek αἴξ (aíx, “goat”)).
For the semantic shift in Slavic, compare Proto-Slavic *byčьkъ (“roach”) from Proto-Slavic *bykъ (“bull”) or German Ziege (“sabrefish”) from primary meaning goat. The original meaning is preserved in the derivative *azьno (“goat skin”).
Noun
*azь m
- billy goat → Leuciscus (genus of fish)
Declension
Declension of *azь (i-stem)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *azь | *azi | *azьje, *aže* |
Accusative | *azь | *azi | *azi |
Genitive | *azi | *azьju, *ažu* | *azьjь, *azi* |
Locative | *azi | *azьju, *ažu* | *azьxъ |
Dative | *azi | *azьma | *azьmъ |
Instrumental | *azьmь | *azьma | *azьmi |
Vocative | *azi | *azi | *azьje, *aže* |
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *azica f
- *azъkъ / *azьkъ (“common dace”)
- *azьno (“goat skin”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: язь (jazʹ)
- Russian: язь (jazʹ)
- Ukrainian: язь m (jazʹ), я́зя f (jázja)
- South Slavic:
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: jа̑з
- Latin: jȃz
- Slovene: jȇz?
- Serbo-Croatian:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: jes
- Polish: jaź m, jazica f
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: jaz
- Upper Sorbian: jaz m, jazyca f
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “язь”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*azь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 102
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “jez”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si