< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-atъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀtas, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos. Technically, could also reflect Proto-Indo-European *-eh₃tós, though, this suffix is encountered only sporadically in lemmas of uncertain origin, e.g. Ancient Greek κῑβωτός (kībōtós, “coffer, wooden box, container”).
Reflects Latin -ātus, Ancient Greek -ᾰτος (-atos) or Proto-Indo-Iranian *-ātas in loanwords such as demotic Late Church Slavonic креватъ (krevatŭ, “coach”) from Ancient Greek κράββατος (krábbatos, “bed”) or Proto-Slavic *xorvatъ from a Scythian ethnonym, rendered as Χοροάθος (Khoroáthos) in Ancient Greek records.
Suffix 1
*-а̀tъ m
- Forms agent or instrument nouns from reanalyzed adjectives
- *sǫpostatъ (“adversary, opponent”) ← *sъpostati (“to juxtapose, to оppose”)
- *kosatъ (“pigtail, dorsal fin (of fish, sharks or cetacea)”) ← *kosa (“hair”)
- *lopata f (“shovel, spade”) ← *lopъ (“sheet, leaf”)
Alternative forms
- *-ata f, *-ato n
- *-yto n (when appended to u-stems)
Declension
Declension of *-atъ (hard o-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *-atъ | *-ata | *-ati |
| Accusative | *-atъ | *-ata | *-aty |
| Genitive | *-ata | *-atu | *-atъ |
| Locative | *-atě | *-atu | *-atěxъ |
| Dative | *-atu | *-atoma | *-atomъ |
| Instrumental | *-atъmь, *-atomь* | *-atoma | *-aty |
| Vocative | *-ate | *-ata | *-ati |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Suffix 2
*-àtъ
- From agents, creates adjectives denoting a property or characteristic, usually with hyperbolic connotation
- *bȏgъ (“wealth, share; god”) → *bogàtъ (“wealthy”)
- *mǫžь (“man”) → *(vъz)mǫžàtъ (“masculine, manly”)
- From objects, creates adjectives denoting a characteristic or shape
- *kostь (“bone”) → *kostàtъ (“having prominent bones, bony”)
- *dȇrvo (“wood; tree”) → *dervàtъ (“abounding in trees, woody”)
- *ȃje (“egg”) → *ajàtъ (“ovate, egg-shaped”)
- *krьstъ (“crucifix”) → *krьstàtъ (“cross, transverse”)
- From body parts, creates adjectives referring to the respective part
- *bordà (“beard”) → *bordàtъ (“bearded”)
- *čelò (“forehead”) → *čelàtъ (“having large/prominent forehead”)
- *usta (“mouth”) → *ustàtъ (“having big mouth; figr. chatty, garrulous”)
- *uxo (“ear”) → *ušàtъ (“having prominent ears”)
- From adjectives extended with *-ovъ, creates approximative doublets of the original adjective (somewhat like -ish in English). Equivalent to *-ovàtъ
- From o-stem adjectives:
- *glupъ (“dumb, stupid”) → *glupovàtъ (“simple-minded”)
- *ostrъ (“acute, sharp”) → *ostrovàtъ (“pointy, relatively sharp”)
- From former i-stem adjectives:
- *grozьnъ (“ugly, terrible”) → *grozьnovàtъ (“unpleasant, bad-tempered”)
- *pьlnъ (“full”) → *pьlnovàtъ (“tending towards fullness, relatively full”)
- From former u-stem adjectives:
- *lьgъkъ (“light, not heavy”) → *lьgъkovàtъ (“lightweight, relatively light”)
- *mękъkъ (“soft”) → *mękъkovàtъ (“softish, relatively soft”)
- From o-stem adjectives:
Declension
Indefinite declension of *-atъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *-atъ | *-ata | *-ato |
| Accusative | *-atъ | *-atǫ | *-ato |
| Genitive | *-ata | *-aty | *-ata |
| Locative | *-atě | *-atě | *-atě |
| Dative | *-atu | *-atě | *-atu |
| Instrumental | *-atomь | *-atojǫ | *-atomь |
| Vocative | *-ate | *-ato | *-ato |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *-ata | *-atě | *-atě |
| Accusative | *-ata | *-atě | *-atě |
| Genitive | *-atu | *-atu | *-atu |
| Locative | *-atu | *-atu | *-atu |
| Dative | *-atoma | *-atama | *-atoma |
| Instrumental | *-atoma | *-atama | *-atoma |
| Vocative | *-ata | *-atě | *-atě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *-ati | *-aty | *-ata |
| Accusative | *-aty | *-aty | *-ata |
| Genitive | *-atъ | *-atъ | *-atъ |
| Locative | *-atěxъ | *-ataxъ | *-atěxъ |
| Dative | *-atomъ | *-atamъ | *-atomъ |
| Instrumental | *-aty | *-atami | *-aty |
| Vocative | *-ati | *-aty | *-ata |
Definite declension of *-atъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *-atъjь | *-ataja | *-atoje |
| Accusative | *-atъjь | *-atǫjǫ | *-atoje |
| Genitive | *-atajego | *-atyję | *-atajego |
| Locative | *-atějemь | *-atěji | *-atějemь |
| Dative | *-atujemu | *-atěji | *-atujemu |
| Instrumental | *-atyjimi | *-atǫjǫ | *-atyjimi |
| Vocative | *-atъjь | *-ataja | *-atoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *-ataja | *-atěji | *-atěji |
| Accusative | *-ataja | *-atěji | *-atěji |
| Genitive | *-atuju | *-atuju | *-atuju |
| Locative | *-atuju | *-atuju | *-atuju |
| Dative | *-atyjima | *-atyjima | *-atyjima |
| Instrumental | *-atyjima | *-atyjima | *-atyjima |
| Vocative | *-ataja | *-atěji | *-atěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *-atiji | *-atyję | *-ataja |
| Accusative | *-atyję | *-atyję | *-ataja |
| Genitive | *-atъjixъ | *-atъjixъ | *-atъjixъ |
| Locative | *-atyjixъ | *-atyjixъ | *-atyjixъ |
| Dative | *-atyjimъ | *-atyjimъ | *-atyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *-atyjimi | *-atyjimi | *-atyjimi |
| Vocative | *-atiji | *-atyję | *-ataja |
See also
- *-tъ
- *-ačь
- *-astъ
Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-atъ
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ata
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: -атꙑи (-atyj)
- Belarusian: -а́ты (-áty)
- Russian: -а́тый (-átyj)
- Ukrainian: -а́тий (-átyj)
- Old East Slavic: -атꙑи (-atyj)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: -а́т (-át)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: -ат
- Latin: -at
- Slovene: -àt
- West Slavic:
- Czech: -atý
- Polish: -aty
- Slovak: -atý
- Slovincian: -ȧ̃tï
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: -aty
- Lower Sorbian: -aty
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*ajatъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 61
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1990), “*lopata”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 16 (*lokadlo – *lъživьcь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 39