Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/tjak ~ g-t(j)ik

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Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/tjak ~ g-t(j)ik

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

• Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *tyik ⪤ *tyak (LaPolla, 1987); *gtyik (Coblin, 1986); *tyɑk (Chou, 1972)
  • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *tyak ⪤ g-t(y)ik (Matisoff, STEDT); *tyɑk ~ tyik (Chou, 1972)

Numeral

Proto-Sino-Tibetan numerals
ONE	*ʔit *kat *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik
TWO	*g/s-ni-s
THREE	*g-sum
FOUR	*b-ləj
FIVE	*l/b-ŋa
SIX	*d-(k-)ruk
SEVEN	*s-ni-s
EIGHT	*b-r-gjat ~ b-g-rjat
NINE	*d/s-kəw
TEN	*gip *ts(j)i(j) ~ tsjaj
TWENTY	*(m-)kul
HUNDRED	*b-r-gja
THOUSAND	*s-toŋ

*tjak ~ g-t(j)ik

1. one

Descendants

• Old Chinese: 隻 /*tek/ (B-S), /*tjaːɡ/ (ZS) ("single, one of a pair")
  • Middle Chinese: 隻 (tɕiᴇk)

• • →   Japanese:  隻 (せき, ​seki)
          Korean:  척 (隻, cheok)
          Vietnamese:  chiếc (隻)

• • • Modern Mandarin
      • Beijing: 隻 (zhī), /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/)
    • Cantonese
      • Guangzhou: 隻 /t͡sɛːk̚³/
    • Wu
      • Shanghai: 隻 /t͡saʔ⁵⁵/
  • Min
    • Min Nan
      • Taiwan: 隻 /t͡ɕiaʔ³/ (colloquial), /t͡ɕik̚³/ (literary)
• Himalayish
  • Tibeto-Kanauri
    • Bodic
      • Tibetan
        • Sikkimese: ཅི (ci, “one”)
        • Written Tibetan: གཅིག (gcig, “one”)
• Tangut-Qiang
  • Northern Tangut
    • Tangut: 𘈩 (lew, /*lɛw³⁵/, “one, single”)
• Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
  • Lolo-Burmese: *ʔ-dikᴸ (“one, only”) (Matisoff, 2003)
    • Burmish
      • Written Burmese: တစ် (tac, “one”)
    • Loloish: *t/di² (“one”) (Bradley, 1979)
      • Northern Loloish
        • Yi (Liangshan): ꋍ (cyp, “one”)
      • Central Loloish
        • Lisu (Southern): ꓕꓲꓽ (tʰì, “one”)

See also

• *dan ~ daj (“single, one, whole, only”)
• *ʔit (“one”)