< Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan
Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/s-ni(ː)ŋ ~ s-nik
Proto-Sino-Tibetan
Etymology
- Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *s-niːŋ (Chou, 1972); *ning (Coblin, 1986)
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *s-ni(ː)ŋ ⪤ *s-nik (Matisoff, STEDT); *niŋ (Benedict, 1972; Chou, 1972); *s-niŋ (Weidert, 1987; LaPolla, 1987)
Noun
*s-ni(ː)ŋ ~ s-nik
- year
- harvest
Descendants
- Old Chinese: 年 (*C.nˁiŋ (B-S), *niːŋ (ZS), “year; ripening; harvest; age”)
- Middle Chinese: 年 /nen/
- Modern Mandarin
- Beijing: 年 (nián, /ni̯ɛn³⁵/)
- Cantonese
- Guangzhou: 年 /niːn²¹/
- Wu
- Shanghai: 年 (ȵi²³)
- Modern Mandarin
- Min
- Min Nan
- Taiwan: 年 /ni²⁴/ (colloquial), /li̯an²⁴/ (literary)
- Min Nan
- Middle Chinese: 年 /nen/
- Himalayish
- Tibeto-Kanauri
- Bodic
- Tibetan
- Written Tibetan: ནིང (ning, “year”) (> ན་ནིང (na ning, “last year”))
- Tibetan
- Bodic
- Tibeto-Kanauri
- Nungish:
- Trung/Drung/Dulong: ning
- Karen: *ˀneŋᴮ (Luangthongkum, 2013)
- Pa'O: နေင်ႏ
- S'gaw: နံၣ် (nì)
- Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
- Lolo-Burmese
- Burmish
- Burmese: နှစ် (hnac, “year”) (> အနှစ် (a.hnac, “year”))
- Burmish
- Lolo-Burmese
See also
- Proto-Mon-Khmer: *cn₁a(ː)m (“year”) (Khmer ឆ្នាំ (cnam), Mon သၞာံ (hnam), Vietnamese năm) - cognate with Old Chinese 稔 (/*njɯːm/ (ZS), "ripening, year").
- Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *s-(g)la (“moon, month”)